基于ZnO模板的微纳结构薄膜的制备及其催化性能的研究

发布时间：2018-11-03 17:03

【摘要】：利用ZnO作为模板来制备微纳结构薄膜,是一种非常优秀的制备方法,具有诸多的优点。同时也存在着很多问题,如何使用ZnO模板法来制备不同材料的各种各样的微纳结构薄膜,从而得到所需的性能,一直是科学研究的热点方向。本论文将致力于利用ZnO为模板制备新颖的微纳结构薄膜材料,并研究其特有的性质,主要有以下几个部分： (1)模板法制备阶层多孔金膜并研究其电化学性质通过在ZnO纳米棒模板上溶剂蒸发沉积金纳米颗粒,随后将模板去除的方法构建了三维阶层多孔金膜修饰电极。溶液中盐的浓度可以改变阶层多孔结构中微孔的利用率,从而得到一个盐浓度调控的界面电容。像这类关于阶层多孔金膜修饰电极的电化学性质的基础研究在催化和传感领域有着极其重要的潜在应用。 (2)模板法制备大内径碳纳米管薄膜利用聚多巴胺(PDA)为碳源,ZnO纳米棒为模板首次成功的制备了大面积任意基底生长的大内径碳纳米管阵列薄膜。利用过硫酸铵诱导多巴胺在中性溶液中聚合,首次无损的将聚多巴胺成功的包覆在了ZnO纳米棒上。得到的CNTs是氮掺杂的壁厚可控的具有六方形貌的中空结构,且CNTs薄膜可以制备在各种固体基底上。这种制备方法可以发展成一种在各种固体材料土制具有更复杂形貌的中空碳纳米结构的通用手段。 (3)管状阵列的金纳米颗粒-碳复合材料催化剂薄膜的制备基于聚多巴胺的模板碳化,提出了一种简单灵巧的方法来制备内嵌高密度金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)勺多孔大内径碳纳米管(BIDI-CNTs)阵列薄膜。模板/AuNPs/碳复合材料所形成的微观结构可以保护内嵌的高密度AuNPs对抗剧烈的烧结。内嵌AuNPs的BIDI-CNTs制备成固体薄膜的形式可以很容易且迅速的从反应体系中分离出来,对于对硝基苯酚的还原具有很高的催化活性、稳定性和重复使用性。这种方法有望推广为制备内嵌其他纳米颗粒的BIDI-CNTs,用来大面积合成纳米反应器阵列薄膜。
[Abstract]:It is an excellent preparation method to use ZnO as a template to prepare micro / nano structure thin films, which has many advantages. At the same time, there are many problems, how to use ZnO template method to fabricate various kinds of micro-nano structure thin films of different materials, so as to obtain the required properties, has been a hot topic in scientific research. In this thesis, ZnO is used as a template to fabricate novel micro / nano structure thin films, and its unique properties are studied. The main contents are as follows: (1) the layered porous gold films were prepared by template method and their electrochemical properties were studied. The gold nanoparticles were deposited by solvent evaporation on ZnO nanorod templates. Then the template removal method was used to construct a three-dimensional porous gold film modified electrode. The concentration of salt in the solution can change the utilization rate of micropores in the hierarchical porous structure, thus an interface capacitance controlled by the concentration of salt can be obtained. Basic studies on electrochemical properties of layered porous gold film modified electrodes have important potential applications in catalysis and sensing fields. (2) the large diameter carbon nanotubes (CNTs) thin films grown on arbitrary substrates were successfully prepared by template method using polydopamine (PDA) as carbon source and ZnO nanorods as template for the first time. Using ammonium persulfate to induce the polymerization of dopamine in neutral solution, the polydopamine was successfully coated on ZnO nanorods for the first time without damage. The obtained CNTs is a hexagonal hollow structure with controllable wall thickness, and CNTs thin films can be prepared on various solid substrates. This preparation method can be developed into a common method for hollow carbon nanostructures with more complex morphology in various solid materials. (3) preparation of tubular array gold nanoparticles / carbon composite film based on template carbonization of polydopamine. A simple and dexterous method is proposed to fabricate porous large inner diameter carbon nanotubes (BIDI-CNTs) array films embedded in high density gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The microstructure of the template / AuNPs/ carbon composites can protect the embedded high density AuNPs from intense sintering. The solid film prepared by BIDI-CNTs embedded in AuNPs can be easily and rapidly separated from the reaction system, and has high catalytic activity, stability and reusability for the reduction of p-nitrophenol. This method is expected to be widely used to prepare BIDI-CNTs, embedded in other nanoparticles for large area synthesis of nanoreactor array films.
【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.2;O614.241

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