新型气敏纳米复合材料与器件—网络状纳米复合材料透明柔性薄膜的构筑及氨敏性能

发布时间：2018-11-11 20:19

【摘要】：气体传感材料及器件对工业安全、生产监控、家用安全及医疗、军事等领域均有重要的应用价值。现有气体传感材料及器件在某些情况下不能满足人们的需求,技术的进步和新材料的出现为人们提供了新的选择和可能性。开发出能够室温检测、寿命长久的气体传感材料及器件有着重要的意义。本论文基于气体传感固有机理及当今的科研热点,在开发柔性透明气体传感膜及自修复型气体传感膜等方面进行了研究及探索。具体工作内容和取得的成果如下：1.基于银纳米线网络状模板原位聚合生长聚苯胺,以过硫酸铵做氧化剂,通过控制刻蚀-聚合生长的平衡,获得了透明网络状聚苯胺多级结构,由于银纳米线对PET表面性质的影响,模板法制备的聚苯胺与非模板法制备的聚苯胺的纳米形貌有着很大区别,采用模板法得到的聚苯胺是网络状多级结构,而非模板法得到的是颗粒状结构,这两种聚苯胺膜在气体传感方面也有着很大的差别,网络状多级结构聚苯胺比非模板法制备的聚苯胺有更高的气体传感灵敏度和更好的选择性,对50 ppm氨气的传感灵敏度为颗粒状结构聚苯胺的11.5倍,并且网络状多级结构聚苯胺透明膜对氨气的检测限可低至5 ppm。网络状多级结构聚苯胺膜采用银胶粘附法即可制备气体传感器件,简化了器件制备过程,比陶瓷管制备的聚苯胺气敏元件性能更好,并且在100个平-弯循环后电阻基本保持不变。该工作对可穿戴设备及透明电子器件的研发有一定指导意义。2.在层层组装的聚电解质膜上构筑多壁碳纳米管网络结构,聚电解质通过静电作用一层一层堆积,考察了不同循环组装膜的光学性质与柔性性能的区别。在构筑碳纳米管网络状结构时选用了滴管滴涂、喷雾瓶喷涂与线棒涂膜,研究了不同涂膜方法的均匀性与透光性。其中,采用线棒涂膜法能够获得较好的均匀性与透光性,以2.5 mg/mL碳管分散液涂布的碳纳米管覆盖的聚电解质膜550 nm的透光率可达74%,继而,对聚电解质膜及多壁碳纳米管覆盖的聚电解质膜的自修复性能进行了考察,并对多壁碳纳米管覆盖聚电解质膜的气体传感性能进行了研究。本工作对自修复电子器件的开发打下了一定基础。
[Abstract]:Gas sensing materials and devices have important application value in industrial safety, production monitoring, household safety, medical treatment, military and other fields. The existing gas sensing materials and devices can not meet the needs of people under certain circumstances. The development of technology and the emergence of new materials provide people with new options and possibilities. It is of great significance to develop gas sensing materials and devices that can detect at room temperature and have long life. Based on the inherent mechanism of gas sensing and the current scientific research focus, this paper studies and explores the development of flexible transparent gas sensing film and self-repairing gas sensing film. The specific work and the results achieved are as follows: 1. Polyaniline was synthesized by in-situ polymerization of Polyaniline using silver nanowire network template and ammonium persulfate as oxidant. By controlling the equilibrium of etch-polymerization growth, the multilevel structure of transparent network Polyaniline was obtained. Because of the influence of silver nanowires on the surface properties of PET, the morphology of Polyaniline prepared by template method is very different from that prepared by non-template method. But the non-template method is granular, and the two Polyaniline films are also very different in gas sensing. The network polyaniline has higher sensitivity and better selectivity than the non-template Polyaniline, and the sensitivity to 50 ppm ammonia is 11.5 times that of granular Polyaniline. And the detection limit of ammonia gas on the polyaniline transparent membrane with network structure can be as low as 5 ppm.. The multilevel polyaniline film with network structure can be used to fabricate gas sensing devices by the method of silver glue adhesion, which simplifies the fabrication process of the devices and is better than the performance of the Polyaniline gas sensors prepared by ceramic tubes. And after 100 flat-bending cycles, the resistance remains basically the same. This work has certain guiding significance to the research and development of wearable devices and transparent electronic devices. 2. The structure of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) was constructed on layers of polyelectrolyte films. The difference between optical properties and flexible properties of different cyclic monolayers was investigated by electrostatic stacking of polyelectrolytes. The dripping tube, spray and wire rod coating were used to construct the carbon nanotube network structure. The uniformity and transmittance of different coating methods were studied. Among them, good uniformity and light transmittance can be obtained by wire-rod coating method. The transmittance of the polyelectrolyte film coated with 2.5 mg/mL carbon nanotube dispersion solution can reach 74 nm. The self-repairing properties of polyelectrolyte films and polyelectrolyte films covered by multi-walled carbon nanotubes were investigated and the gas sensing properties of polyelectrolyte films covered by multi-walled carbon nanotubes were studied. This work has laid a foundation for the development of self-repairing electronic devices.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33;O659

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