基于散斑剪切干涉的材料无损检测技术研究
发布时间：2018-12-07 10:04
【摘要】：近年来散斑干涉技术进入数字化时代,数字剪切散斑干涉技术(DSSPI)也应运而生。数字剪切散斑干涉技术因其结构简单,对测量环境要求低,无需参考物体、全场非接触等优势被认为最适用于对薄板型材料进行无损检测。但是目前对DSSPI的研究还未有从理论角度出发的详细研究。本文从有限元分析软件ANSYS出发,结合MATLAB软件进行散斑图像处理,指导实验系统的搭建,并应用集成的DSSPI实验系统对铝板、复合材料板进行缺陷检测及分析。主要研究内容如下:1.应用MATLAB和有限元分析软件ANSYS进行了“PZT位移误差对缺陷检测的影响”仿真模拟实验。实验以PI公司生产的P-841.10位移器与E-709.SRG位移控制器的性能指标为例,模拟了DSSPI系统中在不同缺陷尺寸、缺陷深度、缺陷位置以及不同的负载强度情况下,PZT的位移误差对缺陷检测的影响。所得结论会为实验带来指导作用。2.设计、搭建并集成了一套基于迈克尔逊干涉结构的数字散斑剪切干涉系统。在此套系统中,使用PZT作为相移装置,通过控制干涉仪中两反射镜的角度来控制系统剪切量。在图像采集部分,开发了一款软件用于同步控制PZT位移和CCD图像采集。该款软件可以准确控制曝光量、相移量,还可在散斑图与干涉条纹图中切换模式,实时观察干涉条纹形状,便于控制负载施加的大小。3.应用集成的DSSPI系统对预埋不同缺陷尺寸和缺陷深度的铝板进行缺陷检测。通过仿真模拟表明在铝板背面打孔可模拟板内部孔状缺陷。在有、无缺陷对比实验中,通过将有、无缺陷铝板的解包裹相位图进行相减对比这种方法来将缺陷“放大”。该方法具有较高辨识度,可用于大量生产的材料板质量检测中。在不同缺陷尺寸和缺陷深度检测实验中,通过分析解包裹相位图与二维相位曲线发现:缺陷深度对缺陷检测的影响要大于缺陷尺寸的影响。即使缺陷尺寸足够大,如果缺陷深度过大,缺陷也不能被有效检测出来。这为今后的材料检测提供了的一个依据。4.应用集成的DSSPI系统对复合材料板进行缺陷检测。待测试件为两块受到冲力的树脂加碳纤维复合材料板,两块板经过冲击后是否存在缺陷未知。通过分析包裹相位图与解包裹相位图,发现其中一块复合材料板存在不止一处缺陷,另一块复合材料板虽然表面完整无异常,但检测结果表明其内部包含一处缺陷。检测结果表明,该套DSSPI系统可用于复合材料表面及其浅表面的缺陷检测。通过本论文从理论到实验的研究工作,为数字剪切散斑干涉系统积累了较好的研究数据和经验,为该技术未来应用于实际奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:In recent years, speckle interferometry has entered the digital age, and digital shearing speckle interferometry (DSSPI) has emerged as the times require. Digital shearing speckle interferometry is considered to be the most suitable for nondestructive testing of thin sheet materials because of its simple structure, low requirement for measuring environment, no reference object, full-field non-contact and so on. But at present, the research on DSSPI has not been studied in detail from a theoretical point of view. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS and MATLAB software, speckle image processing is used to guide the construction of the experimental system, and the integrated DSSPI experimental system is used to detect and analyze the defects of aluminum and composite plates. The main contents are as follows: 1. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection is simulated by MATLAB and finite element analysis software ANSYS. The performance index of P-841.10 displacement controller and E-709.SRG displacement controller produced by PI Company is taken as an example to simulate the different defect size, defect depth, defect position and different load strength in DSSPI system. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection. The conclusion will provide guidance for the experiment. 2. A digital speckle shearing interferometer system based on Michelson interference structure is designed, built and integrated. In this system, PZT is used as a phase-shifting device to control the shearing of the system by controlling the angle of the two mirrors in the interferometer. In the part of image acquisition, a software is developed to synchronously control PZT displacement and CCD image acquisition. The software can accurately control exposure and phase shift. It can also switch mode between speckle pattern and interference fringe, and observe the interference fringe shape in real time, which is convenient to control the size of load applied. The integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of aluminum plates with different defect sizes and depth. The simulation results show that the internal hole defects can be simulated by drilling on the back of the aluminum plate. In the defect free contrast experiment, the defect is "magnified" by subtracting the phase diagram of the unwrapped aluminum plate. The method has high identification and can be used in mass production of material plate quality detection. In the experiments of different defect size and defect depth detection, it is found that the influence of defect depth on defect detection is greater than that on defect size by analyzing unwrapped phase diagram and two-dimensional phase curve. Even if the defect size is large enough, if the defect depth is too large, the defect can not be effectively detected. This provides a basis for future material testing. 4. An integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of composite plate. The tested parts are two impact resin and carbon fiber composite board. Whether there are defects in the two plates after impact is unknown. By analyzing the phase diagram and unwrapping phase diagram, it is found that there is more than one defect in one composite plate. The results show that the DSSPI system can be used to detect the defects of the composite surface and its shallow surface. Through the research work from theory to experiment in this paper, good research data and experience have been accumulated for digital shearing speckle interferometry system, which has laid a foundation for the application of this technology in practice in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB302.5
[Abstract]:In recent years, speckle interferometry has entered the digital age, and digital shearing speckle interferometry (DSSPI) has emerged as the times require. Digital shearing speckle interferometry is considered to be the most suitable for nondestructive testing of thin sheet materials because of its simple structure, low requirement for measuring environment, no reference object, full-field non-contact and so on. But at present, the research on DSSPI has not been studied in detail from a theoretical point of view. In this paper, based on the finite element analysis software ANSYS and MATLAB software, speckle image processing is used to guide the construction of the experimental system, and the integrated DSSPI experimental system is used to detect and analyze the defects of aluminum and composite plates. The main contents are as follows: 1. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection is simulated by MATLAB and finite element analysis software ANSYS. The performance index of P-841.10 displacement controller and E-709.SRG displacement controller produced by PI Company is taken as an example to simulate the different defect size, defect depth, defect position and different load strength in DSSPI system. The effect of PZT displacement error on defect detection. The conclusion will provide guidance for the experiment. 2. A digital speckle shearing interferometer system based on Michelson interference structure is designed, built and integrated. In this system, PZT is used as a phase-shifting device to control the shearing of the system by controlling the angle of the two mirrors in the interferometer. In the part of image acquisition, a software is developed to synchronously control PZT displacement and CCD image acquisition. The software can accurately control exposure and phase shift. It can also switch mode between speckle pattern and interference fringe, and observe the interference fringe shape in real time, which is convenient to control the size of load applied. The integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of aluminum plates with different defect sizes and depth. The simulation results show that the internal hole defects can be simulated by drilling on the back of the aluminum plate. In the defect free contrast experiment, the defect is "magnified" by subtracting the phase diagram of the unwrapped aluminum plate. The method has high identification and can be used in mass production of material plate quality detection. In the experiments of different defect size and defect depth detection, it is found that the influence of defect depth on defect detection is greater than that on defect size by analyzing unwrapped phase diagram and two-dimensional phase curve. Even if the defect size is large enough, if the defect depth is too large, the defect can not be effectively detected. This provides a basis for future material testing. 4. An integrated DSSPI system is used to detect the defects of composite plate. The tested parts are two impact resin and carbon fiber composite board. Whether there are defects in the two plates after impact is unknown. By analyzing the phase diagram and unwrapping phase diagram, it is found that there is more than one defect in one composite plate. The results show that the DSSPI system can be used to detect the defects of the composite surface and its shallow surface. Through the research work from theory to experiment in this paper, good research data and experience have been accumulated for digital shearing speckle interferometry system, which has laid a foundation for the application of this technology in practice in the future.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB302.5
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