碳纤维增强复合材料超声振动辅助切削仿真研究

发布时间：2019-01-17 21:06

【摘要】：碳纤维增强复合材料具有出色的力学性能,在航空航天、军事工业、汽车制造等领域均有广泛的应用。然而由于碳纤维复合材料的各向异性,给其后续加工带来了极大的困难。为了提高碳纤维增强复合材料的加工精度和加工效率,各种新的加工技术被不断提出,超声振动辅助切削技术就是其中的一种。超声振动辅助切削由其振动轨迹的不同分为单向超声振动辅助切削和超声椭圆振动辅助切削,其中单向超声振动辅助切削是在传统切削加工的基础上给刀具施加一个单一方向上的高频振动,从而使刀具前刀面与工件未切削部分产生周期性的分离;而超声椭圆振动辅助切削则是在单向超声振动辅助切削的基础上再在另一个方向上同样施加一个高频振动,从而使刀具沿椭圆轨迹振动,这时刀具在切削过程中前后刀面均可以与工件产生周期性的分离效果,进一步改善切削效果。本文利用Abaqus有限元分析软件,分别建立了碳纤维增强复合材料的单向超声振动辅助切削模型和超声椭圆振动辅助切削模型,并对仿真结果进行分析,得到以下主要结论:(1)建立了碳纤维增强复合材料的超声椭圆振动辅助切削模型,并将该模型分析结果与实验测量结果进行对比验证,发现两者的误差为15%,证明了模型的准确性和可靠性。(2)建立了不同振幅和频率下的碳纤维增强复合材料的单向超声振动辅助切削模型,发现提高振动频率和振幅有利于减小材料的基体损伤,同时有效降低了切削力。(3)研究了振动参数对超声椭圆振动辅助切削过程的影响,发现刀具振动频率和两个方向上的振幅的增加,均能有效地减小切削力,改善碳纤维复合材料在切削过程中基体的破坏情况。(4)对单向超声振动辅助切削和超声椭圆振动辅助切削的仿真结果进行了对比发现,超声椭圆振动辅助切削能带来更好的切削效果,对材料的损伤相对于单向超声振动切削要小,并且能有效地降低切削力。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRP) have excellent mechanical properties and are widely used in aerospace, military industry, automobile manufacturing and so on. However, due to the anisotropy of carbon fiber composites, it brings great difficulties to its subsequent processing. In order to improve the machining accuracy and efficiency of carbon fiber reinforced composites, a variety of new machining techniques have been proposed, among which ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting technology is one of them. Ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting is divided into unidirectional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting and ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting. The unidirectional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting is to apply a single direction of high frequency vibration to the cutting tool on the basis of the traditional cutting process, so that the tool front face is periodically separated from the uncut part of the workpiece. The ultrasonic elliptic vibration assisted cutting is based on the unidirectional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting, and the same high frequency vibration is applied in the other direction, which makes the tool vibrate along the elliptical trajectory. In this case, the cutting face can be separated periodically from the workpiece in the cutting process, and the cutting effect can be further improved. In this paper, the unidirectional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting model and the ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced composites are established by using Abaqus finite element analysis software, and the simulation results are analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the ultrasonic elliptic vibration assisted cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced composites is established, and the results of the model are compared with the experimental results. The results show that the error between the two models is 15. The accuracy and reliability of the model are proved. (2) the unidirectional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting model of carbon fiber reinforced composites with different amplitudes and frequencies is established. It is found that increasing the vibration frequency and amplitude is conducive to reducing the matrix damage. At the same time, the cutting force is reduced effectively. (3) the influence of vibration parameters on ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting process is studied. It is found that the increase of tool vibration frequency and amplitude in both directions can effectively reduce the cutting force. (4) the simulation results of unidirectional ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting and ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting are compared. Ultrasonic elliptical vibration assisted cutting can bring better cutting effect, the damage to material is smaller than that of unidirectional ultrasonic vibration cutting, and the cutting force can be effectively reduced.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB33

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