麦秸秆纤维增强废聚乙烯复合材料的制备及其界面性能研究
发布时间：2019-01-28 11:20
【摘要】：秸秆和包装废塑料的资源化利用问题备受关注,开发变废为宝的高附加值利用技术在环境保护以及资源节约等方面具有重要的现实意义。本课题以关中地区的小麦秸秆(WF)和废旧聚乙烯塑料(rPE)为原料,采用挤出和热压成型工艺制备秸秆纤维/废聚乙烯(WF/rPE)复合材料。研究了 WF纤维的粒径和添加量、界面改性剂的种类和添加量、生物酶改性处理和生物酶与相容剂复合处理对WF/rPE复合材料的力学性能、热学性能和吸水性的影响,并使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)对复合材料的界面性能和化学成分进行了研究,论文主要结论如下:(1)未改性WF/rPE复合材料的机械性能随WF纤维添加量的增加不断增强,当纤维含量超过40 wt%时复合材料的机械性能开始下降。在60/100/200目秸秆纤维中,添加60目秸秆纤维增强复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性能最好。(2)红外光谱(FTIR)分析发现,三种界面相容剂MAPE、MAPE蜡和KH550都可以与WF纤维上的羟基反应。SEM结果表明,三种界面改性剂都可以改善复合材料的界面性能。当WF含量为40wt%时,添加2wt%MAPE蜡的复合材料力学性能相对最好,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别为15.0 MPa、23.8MPa和1646.4 MPa;当MAPE蜡的添加量高于2 wt%时,得到的复合材料机械性能明显降低。复合材料的DSC曲线表明,添加界面改性剂对复合材料的结晶过程起到促进作用。(3)生物酶和碱处理对WF纤维表面都具有明显的改性效果,其中木聚糖酶和纤维素酶复合处理对WF纤维改性的效果最好。生物酶和碱处理可以显著提高复合材料中WF纤维的热稳定性能,并促进复合材料结晶过程。经木聚糖酶和纤维素酶改性的复合材料PFXC40的力学性能最佳,吸水率最低。(4)经木聚糖酶、纤维素酶和相容剂复合改性的复合材料PFXC40W2和经木聚糖酶、相容剂复合改性的复合材料PFX40W2的拉伸强度和弯曲性能差别不大,但复合材料PFXC40W2吸水率最低。SEM结果表明,相比其他改性方法,经过复合改性的PFX40W2和PFXC40W2复合材料中纤维与基体结合良好,界面性能得到了明显的改善。
[Abstract]:The utilization of straw and packaging waste plastics has attracted much attention. It is of great practical significance in environmental protection and resource saving to develop the high value-added utilization technology of transforming waste into treasure. Straw fiber / waste polyethylene (WF/rPE) composites were prepared by extrusion and hot pressing with wheat straw (WF) and waste polyethylene plastic (rPE) as raw materials in Guanzhong area. The effects of particle size and addition amount of WF fiber, the kinds and contents of interfacial modifiers, the modification of biological enzymes and the composite treatment of enzyme and compatibilizer on the mechanical properties, thermal properties and water absorption of WF/rPE composites were studied. The interfacial properties and chemical composition of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites increase with the increase of WF fiber content. The mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites begin to decline when the fiber content exceeds 40 wt%. Among the 60 / 100 / 200 mesh straw fibers, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite reinforced with 60 mesh straw fiber were the best. (2) the results of (FTIR) analysis showed that the three interfacial compatibilizers MAPE, were the best. Both MAPE wax and KH550 can react with hydroxyl groups on WF fiber. SEM results show that all three interfacial modifiers can improve the interfacial properties of the composites. When the content of WF was 40 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites with 2wt%MAPE wax were the best, and the tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of the composites were 15.0 MPa,23.8MPa and 1646.4 MPa;, respectively. When the content of MAPE wax is more than 2 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites are obviously decreased. The DSC curves of the composites showed that the addition of interfacial modifiers promoted the crystallization process of the composites. (3) the surface of WF fibers was modified by enzyme and alkali treatment. The effect of xylanase and cellulase on the modification of WF fiber was the best. The thermal stability of WF fibers in the composites was improved significantly by enzyme and alkali treatment, and the crystallization process of the composites was promoted. The composite PFXC40 modified by xylanase and cellulase had the best mechanical properties and the lowest water absorption. (4) the composite PFXC40W2 and Xylanase modified by xylanase, cellulase and compatibilizer, The tensile strength and flexural properties of the composite modified by compatibilizer have little difference, but the water absorption of PFXC40W2 is the lowest. The results of SEM show that, compared with other modification methods, the tensile strength and flexural properties of the composites modified by compatibilizer are not different. The interfacial properties of PFX40W2 and PFXC40W2 composites modified by the composites were improved obviously because of the good bonding between the fibers and the matrix.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332;TQ327
本文编号：2417006
[Abstract]:The utilization of straw and packaging waste plastics has attracted much attention. It is of great practical significance in environmental protection and resource saving to develop the high value-added utilization technology of transforming waste into treasure. Straw fiber / waste polyethylene (WF/rPE) composites were prepared by extrusion and hot pressing with wheat straw (WF) and waste polyethylene plastic (rPE) as raw materials in Guanzhong area. The effects of particle size and addition amount of WF fiber, the kinds and contents of interfacial modifiers, the modification of biological enzymes and the composite treatment of enzyme and compatibilizer on the mechanical properties, thermal properties and water absorption of WF/rPE composites were studied. The interfacial properties and chemical composition of the composites were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites increase with the increase of WF fiber content. The mechanical properties of unmodified WF/rPE composites begin to decline when the fiber content exceeds 40 wt%. Among the 60 / 100 / 200 mesh straw fibers, the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the composite reinforced with 60 mesh straw fiber were the best. (2) the results of (FTIR) analysis showed that the three interfacial compatibilizers MAPE, were the best. Both MAPE wax and KH550 can react with hydroxyl groups on WF fiber. SEM results show that all three interfacial modifiers can improve the interfacial properties of the composites. When the content of WF was 40 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites with 2wt%MAPE wax were the best, and the tensile strength, bending strength and modulus of the composites were 15.0 MPa,23.8MPa and 1646.4 MPa;, respectively. When the content of MAPE wax is more than 2 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites are obviously decreased. The DSC curves of the composites showed that the addition of interfacial modifiers promoted the crystallization process of the composites. (3) the surface of WF fibers was modified by enzyme and alkali treatment. The effect of xylanase and cellulase on the modification of WF fiber was the best. The thermal stability of WF fibers in the composites was improved significantly by enzyme and alkali treatment, and the crystallization process of the composites was promoted. The composite PFXC40 modified by xylanase and cellulase had the best mechanical properties and the lowest water absorption. (4) the composite PFXC40W2 and Xylanase modified by xylanase, cellulase and compatibilizer, The tensile strength and flexural properties of the composite modified by compatibilizer have little difference, but the water absorption of PFXC40W2 is the lowest. The results of SEM show that, compared with other modification methods, the tensile strength and flexural properties of the composites modified by compatibilizer are not different. The interfacial properties of PFX40W2 and PFXC40W2 composites modified by the composites were improved obviously because of the good bonding between the fibers and the matrix.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB332;TQ327
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