仿生蜂窝状多孔膜的制备和性质研究

发布时间：2019-02-12 13:26

【摘要】：学习自然的仿生设计原理为创造新型结构及功能材料提供了优异的方法和途径。近年来,仿蜂窝状有序多孔膜材料因在光电器件、高效催化、生命科学、微纳过滤等诸多领域具有重要的科学价值和应用前景,受到了人们的广泛关注。然而通透结构多孔膜的制备和多孔膜的多元化应用研究仍显不足。基于以上背景,本文以水滴模板法为基础,在不同条件下制备出一系列有机或有机/无机复合多孔膜,不仅实现了AAO基底上通透结构多孔膜的制备,而且将蜂窝状多孔膜应用于仿生离子通道和超浸润材料研究,具体内容如下:1.蜂窝状聚酰亚胺(PI)多孔膜的制备和成孔条件对其形貌影响。论文采用水滴模板法,选取五种浓度PI的三氯甲烷溶液在五种气流速率下制备出一系列不同形貌的多孔膜。SEM分析表明多孔膜孔径随聚合物浓度和气流速率增加而减小,总体分布为0.21μm-1.41μm。当聚合物浓度为1%-1.5%和气流速率为1 L/min-2 L/min时多孔膜成孔较为规整,而浓度和气流较大时孔径分布较乱甚至无法成孔;在聚合物浓度为1%和气流速率2 L/min的优化条件下于不同浸润性和粗糙度的阳极氧化铝(AAO)基底上制膜,发现膜孔径随基底疏水性和粗糙度增加而变大,同时在200-300 nm孔径的亲水AAO基底上成功制备出通孔结构多孔膜,该通孔膜具有对水的单向渗透性质。2.蜂窝状PI/AAO复合多孔膜的制备和离子传输性质研究。利用水滴模板法,以五种孔径AAO为基底制备了PI/AAO复合多孔膜,并将其创新性应用于仿生离子通道研究。结果表明孔径为27 nm、60nm和95 nm的三种AAO所制复合膜通道具有酸碱响应离子传输整流特性,整流值随AAO孔径减小和电解质浓度增大而增加,并在碱性环境下最高。而孔径较大AAO所制复合膜和单一的AAO孔道则无整流性。结合SEM分析表明,整流性的产生是由复合膜孔道的结构、表面电荷和浸润性非对称综合引起,而浸润性的差异导致了酸碱环境下整流方向的统一。3.蜂窝状多孔氧化铁涂层的制备和其超浸润性研究。通过水滴模板法和旋涂法协作,制备了三种比例聚(苯乙烯-b-氧乙烯)/氯化铁复合膜,经煅烧后得到蜂窝状多孔涂层材料。XPS和XRD分析表明该涂层成分为?-Fe2O3。浸润性测试表明,只有样品2在水(油)相介质中均表现出对油(水)和气泡的超疏和低粘附性。SEM分析表明样品1为微米多孔结构,样品2和3皆为微纳米复合结构,但样品3形貌相对较乱。基于以上,我们认为微观形貌的差异使得多相介质中液滴和气泡在三种样品表面具有不同的浸润模型,从而表现出不同的浸润特征。
[Abstract]:Learning the principle of natural bionic design provides an excellent way to create new structural and functional materials. In recent years, honeycomb-like ordered porous membrane materials have attracted wide attention due to their important scientific value and application prospect in many fields such as optoelectronic devices, high-efficiency catalysis, life science, micro-nano filtration and so on. However, the preparation of porous membrane with permeable structure and the application of porous membrane are still insufficient. Based on the above background, a series of organic or organic / inorganic composite porous membranes were prepared under different conditions based on the water drop template method, which not only realized the preparation of porous membrane with permeable structure on AAO substrate. The honeycomb porous membrane is applied to the study of bionic ion channel and superwetting material. The main contents are as follows: 1. Preparation of honeycomb polyimide (PI) porous membrane and effect of pore forming conditions on its morphology. In this paper, a series of porous membranes with different morphologies were prepared by using water drop template method with five concentrations of PI. SEM analysis showed that the pore size of porous membranes decreased with the increase of polymer concentration and flow rate. The total distribution was 0.21 渭 m ~ 1.41 渭 m. When the concentration of polymer is 1- 1.5% and the flow rate is 1 L/min-2 L/min, the pore formation of porous membrane is more regular, but the pore size distribution of porous membrane is more chaotic or even unable to form pores when the concentration and air flow are larger. When the polymer concentration is 1% and the flow rate is 2 L/min, the film size increases with the increase of the hydrophobicity and roughness of the substrate on the anodic alumina (AAO) substrate with different wettability and roughness. At the same time, the porous membrane with through pore structure was successfully prepared on the hydrophilic AAO substrate with 200-300 nm pore size. Preparation and ion transport properties of honeycomb PI/AAO composite porous membranes. The PI/AAO composite porous membrane was prepared on five kinds of pore size AAO substrate by water drop template method, and applied to the study of bionic ion channel innovatively. The results show that the composite membrane channels with pore sizes of 27 nm,60nm and 95 nm have the characteristics of acid-base responsive ion transport rectifier, and the rectifying value increases with the decrease of AAO pore size and the increase of electrolyte concentration, and is the highest in alkaline environment. However, the composite membrane with larger pore size AAO and a single AAO channel have no rectifying property. Combined with SEM analysis, the formation of rectifier is caused by the asymmetric synthesis of the pore structure, surface charge and wettability of the composite membrane, and the difference of the wettability leads to the unification of the rectifying direction in the acid-base environment. Preparation and superwetting properties of honeycomb porous iron oxide coatings. Three kinds of poly (styrene-boxyethylene) / ferric chloride composite films were prepared by water drop template method and spin-coating method. After calcination, honeycomb porous coating materials were obtained. XPS and XRD analysis showed that the coating composition was?-Fe2O3.. The wettability test showed that only sample 2 exhibited super thinness and low adhesion to oil (water) and bubbles in water (oil) medium. SEM analysis showed that sample 1 was of micron porous structure, and samples 2 and 3 were micro- and nano-composite structures. But the morphology of sample 3 is relatively chaotic. Based on the above, we think that the difference of microscopic morphology makes the droplets and bubbles in the multiphase medium have different wetting models on the surface of the three samples, thus showing different wetting characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.4

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