高电致伸缩弹性体材料的制备研究
发布时间：2019-02-26 14:13
【摘要】：介电弹性体(DE)是一类可以将电能转变为机械能的智能材料,具有转化效率高、能量密度高、电致形变大、黏弹滞后小和响应速度快等优势,在微型驱动器、人造肌肉和机器人等领域具有巨大应用潜力。目前可用材料或多或少存在缺点和不足,制备具有高介电、低模量、能够在低电压下产生大形变的材料是介电弹性体研究的重点。本文制备了氟硅橡胶(FVMQ)基和明胶基介电弹性体,分别从热学性能、电学性能和机电性能等方面对其进行了详细研究：通过两段硫化工艺制备FVMQ橡胶,选择最优的硫化剂用量。FVMQ表现出良好的耐热性、高介电常数(-6.5)、低介电损耗(0.02)的同时具有较低的弹性模量(-0.5MPa),机电敏感因子p高达12.37MPa-1,能够在低电压下产生较大的电致形变,在32 kV·mm-1时可以产生15%的电致形变。以FVMQ为基体,优选的硫化剂用量0.4phr,加入不同用量硅烷偶联剂KH 570改性二氧化钛(TiO2)制备复合材料。随着填料用量增加,交联密度、弹性模量、介电常数、介电损耗和击穿电压都有所提高,敏感因子逐渐下降。TiO2用量超过一定值后形成填料网络,断裂伸长率开始下降,弹性模量大幅增加。TiO2/FVMQ复合材料机电性能较纯FVMQ大幅提高,最大电致形变提高153%达到38%,具有良好的机电稳定性。选择断裂伸长率较高的氟硅橡胶作为研究对象,分析了预拉伸对FVMQ介电弹性体的影响。预拉伸以后,FVMQ和TiO2/FVMQ复合材料击穿电压和电致形变都大幅提高,FVMQ的最大电致形变比未预拉伸提高了约132%;TiO2/FVMQ复合材料预拉伸后最大电致形变提高了10倍。氟硅橡胶基介电弹性体最佳预拉伸比例在2×2左右。选择具有大量极性基团的明胶作为基体,以生物无毒的甘油作为增塑剂改善其力学性能,制备了无细胞毒性的甘油/明胶复合材料。增塑后克服了明胶的脆性,表现为弹性体态,具有良好的耐热性和力学性能,介电常数从6提高到116,伴随着介电损耗增加和体积电阻率从1014Ω·cm急剧下降到106Ω·cm。材料会在较小的电压下破坏,产生约3%的电致形变。
[Abstract]:Dielectric elastomer (DE) is a kind of intelligent material which can transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, high energy density, large electrodeformation, small viscoelastic hysteresis and fast response. Artificial muscles and robots have great potential applications. At present, there are more or less shortcomings and shortcomings in available materials. The preparation of materials with high dielectric properties, low modulus and large deformation at low voltage is the focus of the research on dielectric elastomers. In this paper, fluoro-silicone rubber (FVMQ)-based and gelatin-based dielectric elastomers were prepared, and their thermal properties, electrical properties and mechanical and electrical properties were studied in detail. FVMQ rubber was prepared by two-stage vulcanization process. FVMQ exhibits good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002), and low modulus of elasticity (- 0.5MPa), while choosing the optimal dosage of curing agent, FVMQ has good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002) and low modulus of elasticity (- FVM). The mechatronic sensitive factor p is up to 12.37 MPA / 1, which can produce large electrodeformation at low voltage and 15% electrodeformation at 32 kV mm- 1. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was modified by silane coupling agent KH 570 with FVMQ as matrix, 0.4 phrr as curing agent, and TiO2 modified with different amount of silane coupling agent. With the increase of filler dosage, the crosslinked density, elastic modulus, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and breakdown voltage all increase, and the sensitive factor decreases gradually. When the amount of TIO _ 2 exceeds a certain value, the network of fillers is formed, and the elongation at break begins to decrease. The mechanical and electrical properties of TIO _ 2 / FVMQ composites were greatly improved compared with pure FVMQ. The maximum electrodeformation of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was increased by 153% to 38%, and the mechanical and electrical stability of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was good. Fluoro-silicone rubber with high elongation at break was selected as the research object, and the influence of pre-drawing on FVMQ dielectric elastomer was analyzed. After pre-stretching, the breakdown voltage and electrodeformation of FVMQ and TiO2/FVMQ composites increased greatly, and the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ increased by 10 times as much as that of non-pre-drawn composites by about 132% Ti _ 2O _ 2 / FVM _ Q composites after pre-stretching. The results show that the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ composites is 10 times higher than that of FVMQ composites after pre-stretching. The optimum pretension ratio of fluoro-silicone rubber based dielectric elastomers is about 2 脳 2. Gelatin with a large number of polar groups was selected as matrix and glycerol as plasticizer was used as plasticizer to improve its mechanical properties. Glycerol / gelatin composites without cytotoxicity were prepared. After plasticizing, it overcomes the brittleness of gelatin and exhibits elastic state. It has good heat resistance and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant is increased from 6 to 116, with the increase of dielectric loss and the sharp decrease of volume resistivity from 1014 惟 cm to 106 惟 cm.. The material will be destroyed at a lower voltage, resulting in about 3% electrodeformation.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB381
本文编号：2430849
[Abstract]:Dielectric elastomer (DE) is a kind of intelligent material which can transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. It has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, high energy density, large electrodeformation, small viscoelastic hysteresis and fast response. Artificial muscles and robots have great potential applications. At present, there are more or less shortcomings and shortcomings in available materials. The preparation of materials with high dielectric properties, low modulus and large deformation at low voltage is the focus of the research on dielectric elastomers. In this paper, fluoro-silicone rubber (FVMQ)-based and gelatin-based dielectric elastomers were prepared, and their thermal properties, electrical properties and mechanical and electrical properties were studied in detail. FVMQ rubber was prepared by two-stage vulcanization process. FVMQ exhibits good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002), and low modulus of elasticity (- 0.5MPa), while choosing the optimal dosage of curing agent, FVMQ has good heat resistance, high dielectric constant (- 6.5), low dielectric loss (0.002) and low modulus of elasticity (- FVM). The mechatronic sensitive factor p is up to 12.37 MPA / 1, which can produce large electrodeformation at low voltage and 15% electrodeformation at 32 kV mm- 1. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was modified by silane coupling agent KH 570 with FVMQ as matrix, 0.4 phrr as curing agent, and TiO2 modified with different amount of silane coupling agent. With the increase of filler dosage, the crosslinked density, elastic modulus, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and breakdown voltage all increase, and the sensitive factor decreases gradually. When the amount of TIO _ 2 exceeds a certain value, the network of fillers is formed, and the elongation at break begins to decrease. The mechanical and electrical properties of TIO _ 2 / FVMQ composites were greatly improved compared with pure FVMQ. The maximum electrodeformation of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was increased by 153% to 38%, and the mechanical and electrical stability of TIO _ 2 / TiO2 composites was good. Fluoro-silicone rubber with high elongation at break was selected as the research object, and the influence of pre-drawing on FVMQ dielectric elastomer was analyzed. After pre-stretching, the breakdown voltage and electrodeformation of FVMQ and TiO2/FVMQ composites increased greatly, and the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ increased by 10 times as much as that of non-pre-drawn composites by about 132% Ti _ 2O _ 2 / FVM _ Q composites after pre-stretching. The results show that the maximum electrodeformation of FVMQ composites is 10 times higher than that of FVMQ composites after pre-stretching. The optimum pretension ratio of fluoro-silicone rubber based dielectric elastomers is about 2 脳 2. Gelatin with a large number of polar groups was selected as matrix and glycerol as plasticizer was used as plasticizer to improve its mechanical properties. Glycerol / gelatin composites without cytotoxicity were prepared. After plasticizing, it overcomes the brittleness of gelatin and exhibits elastic state. It has good heat resistance and mechanical properties. The dielectric constant is increased from 6 to 116, with the increase of dielectric loss and the sharp decrease of volume resistivity from 1014 惟 cm to 106 惟 cm.. The material will be destroyed at a lower voltage, resulting in about 3% electrodeformation.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TB381
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1 戈风行;高电致伸缩弹性体材料的制备研究[D];北京化工大学;2016年
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