超亲油材料在油水分离中的应用研究
发布时间：2019-03-09 10:11
【摘要】：大自然赋予研究者灵感与启示。近些年,受自然界中具有特殊润湿性表面的动植物的启发,在结合外部环境的影响并充分考虑表面化学组成与表面微观结构的基础上,科学研究工作者们已经探究出特殊润湿性表面的制备方法,并成功制备出特殊润湿性能表面。伴随研究者们对超疏水性表面更加深入的研究,众多制备特殊润湿性表面方法的不断出现,其中包括等离子体法、刻蚀法、溶胶-凝胶法、沉积法、模板法、层-层自助装法等方法,以及特殊润湿性表面在流体减阻、防积雪、防冰冻、防腐蚀、油水分离等方面的应用不断涌现。同时生活及工业含油污水的大量排放、漏油事故的不断发生,不仅对我们的污水处理能力及生态平衡提出了巨大的挑战。因此,油水分离对科学研究与解决工业与生活含油污水及漏油污染,都是极其重要的领域,同时还有利于环境保护。本论文在此背景下,致力于研究超亲油-超疏水材料在油水分离中的应用,主要工作围绕材料表面润湿性、稳定性和油水分离效率等方面展开,工作具体如下:1.超亲油-超疏水不锈钢丝网在油水分离中的应用。以优良的柔韧性,出色的耐压能力,表面易处理加工,价格低廉,机械性能良好的304不锈钢丝网格作为基材,以低表面能物质低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)在304不锈钢丝网格成膜,构建微纳粗糙结构,采用溶剂与非溶结合多次浸涂的方法,提高网膜的表面粗糙度,使网膜的表面在自然环境条件下具有稳定的超亲油超疏水特性。该网膜可以有效分离多种油水混合物,如煤油、0#柴油、大豆油、有机溶剂等的油水混合物等,分离效率高达95%。2.超亲油-超疏水海绵在油水混合液分离中的应用。以价格低廉,易压缩且有弹性的三维多孔的海绵作为基材,以低表面能物质LDPE在海绵表面及海绵骨架表面成膜,构造具有超亲油-超疏水特殊润湿性的海绵,采用溶剂与非溶结合多次浸涂的方法,海绵的多孔结构能捕获大量的空气,在海绵表面形成气囊,气囊与低表面能物质LDPE协同作用,从而使海绵的表面在自然环境下具有稳定的超亲油超疏水性能。该网膜可以有效分离多种油水混合物,如煤油、0#柴油、大豆油、丙酮、正庚烷等有机物的油水混合物,分离效率在95%左右。在分离过程中,海绵多次循环反复使用,其油水分离能力及表面的疏水性不发生显著的变化。3.润湿基本理论与毛细管力在油水分离中的应用。凹凸粗糙的超亲油-超疏水不锈钢丝网格表面润湿为复合润湿,润湿模型简化归类为Cassie-Baxter模型,并对其进行计算。对超亲油-超疏水海绵的油水分离过程中,油与海绵进行了受力分析。
[Abstract]:Nature gives inspiration and inspiration to researchers. In recent years, inspired by animals and plants with special wettability surfaces in nature, combined with the influence of the external environment and taking full account of the chemical composition and microstructure of the surface, Scientific researchers have explored the preparation methods of special wettability surfaces and successfully prepared special wettability surfaces. With the more in-depth study of ultra-hydrophobic surface, many methods of preparing special wettability surface, including plasma method, etching method, sol-gel method, deposition method, template method, have been developed constantly, which include plasma method, etching method, sol-gel method, deposition method, template method, and so on. Layer-to-layer self-loading method, as well as special wettability surface in fluid drag reduction, anti-snow, anti-freezing, anti-corrosion, oil-water separation and other applications are emerging. At the same time, the massive discharge of oily water from domestic and industrial industries, and the continuous occurrence of oil spill accidents not only pose a great challenge to our sewage treatment capacity and ecological balance. Therefore, the separation of oil and water is a very important field for scientific research and solving the pollution of industrial and domestic oily water and oil spill, and it is also beneficial to environmental protection. Under this background, the application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic materials in oil-water separation is studied in this paper. The main work focuses on the surface wettability, stability and oil-water separation efficiency of the materials. The main work is as follows: 1. Application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh in oil-water separation. With excellent flexibility, excellent pressure resistance, easy surface treatment, low price, good mechanical properties, 304 stainless steel wire mesh as substrate, low surface energy low density polyethylene (LDPE) film formed in 304 stainless steel wire mesh. In order to improve the surface roughness of omentum, the surface of omentum has stable super-lipophilicity and super-hydrophobicity in natural environment by using solvent and insoluble combination method of multi-dip coating to construct micro-/ nano-roughness structure. This omentum can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures, such as kerosene, 0 # diesel oil, soybean oil, organic solvents, etc. The separation efficiency is up to 95%. Application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic sponge in separation of oil-water mixture. Three-dimensional porous sponge, which is cheap, easy to compress and elastic, is used as substrate. Low surface energy material LDPE is used to form a film on the surface of sponge and sponge skeleton to construct a sponge with super-lipophilic-super-hydrophobic special wettability. The porous structure of sponges can capture a large amount of air and form airbags on the surface of sponges by means of solvent and insoluble combination with multi-dip coating. The air bags and low surface energy substance LDPE cooperate with each other. Thus, the surface of sponge has stable super-lipophilic and super-hydrophobic properties in natural environment. This omentum can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures, such as kerosene, 0 # diesel oil, soybean oil, acetone, n-heptane and so on. The separation efficiency is about 95%. During the separation process, the sponges were repeatedly used repeatedly, and their oil-water separation ability and surface hydrophobicity did not change significantly. The basic theory of wetting and the application of capillary force in oil-water separation. The concave-convex rough super-oily-super-hydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh surface wetting is a composite wetting model. The wetting model is simplified and classified as Cassie-Baxter model and the calculation is carried out on the wettability model of the super-oily-superhydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh. In the process of oil-water separation of super-lipophilic-super-hydrophobic sponge, the stress analysis of oil and sponge was carried out.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB34
，
本文编号：2437354
[Abstract]:Nature gives inspiration and inspiration to researchers. In recent years, inspired by animals and plants with special wettability surfaces in nature, combined with the influence of the external environment and taking full account of the chemical composition and microstructure of the surface, Scientific researchers have explored the preparation methods of special wettability surfaces and successfully prepared special wettability surfaces. With the more in-depth study of ultra-hydrophobic surface, many methods of preparing special wettability surface, including plasma method, etching method, sol-gel method, deposition method, template method, have been developed constantly, which include plasma method, etching method, sol-gel method, deposition method, template method, and so on. Layer-to-layer self-loading method, as well as special wettability surface in fluid drag reduction, anti-snow, anti-freezing, anti-corrosion, oil-water separation and other applications are emerging. At the same time, the massive discharge of oily water from domestic and industrial industries, and the continuous occurrence of oil spill accidents not only pose a great challenge to our sewage treatment capacity and ecological balance. Therefore, the separation of oil and water is a very important field for scientific research and solving the pollution of industrial and domestic oily water and oil spill, and it is also beneficial to environmental protection. Under this background, the application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic materials in oil-water separation is studied in this paper. The main work focuses on the surface wettability, stability and oil-water separation efficiency of the materials. The main work is as follows: 1. Application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh in oil-water separation. With excellent flexibility, excellent pressure resistance, easy surface treatment, low price, good mechanical properties, 304 stainless steel wire mesh as substrate, low surface energy low density polyethylene (LDPE) film formed in 304 stainless steel wire mesh. In order to improve the surface roughness of omentum, the surface of omentum has stable super-lipophilicity and super-hydrophobicity in natural environment by using solvent and insoluble combination method of multi-dip coating to construct micro-/ nano-roughness structure. This omentum can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures, such as kerosene, 0 # diesel oil, soybean oil, organic solvents, etc. The separation efficiency is up to 95%. Application of super-lipophilic-superhydrophobic sponge in separation of oil-water mixture. Three-dimensional porous sponge, which is cheap, easy to compress and elastic, is used as substrate. Low surface energy material LDPE is used to form a film on the surface of sponge and sponge skeleton to construct a sponge with super-lipophilic-super-hydrophobic special wettability. The porous structure of sponges can capture a large amount of air and form airbags on the surface of sponges by means of solvent and insoluble combination with multi-dip coating. The air bags and low surface energy substance LDPE cooperate with each other. Thus, the surface of sponge has stable super-lipophilic and super-hydrophobic properties in natural environment. This omentum can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures, such as kerosene, 0 # diesel oil, soybean oil, acetone, n-heptane and so on. The separation efficiency is about 95%. During the separation process, the sponges were repeatedly used repeatedly, and their oil-water separation ability and surface hydrophobicity did not change significantly. The basic theory of wetting and the application of capillary force in oil-water separation. The concave-convex rough super-oily-super-hydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh surface wetting is a composite wetting model. The wetting model is simplified and classified as Cassie-Baxter model and the calculation is carried out on the wettability model of the super-oily-superhydrophobic stainless steel wire mesh. In the process of oil-water separation of super-lipophilic-super-hydrophobic sponge, the stress analysis of oil and sponge was carried out.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TB34
，
本文编号：2437354
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