利用FRP废弃物与秸秆纤维制备木塑复合材料的工艺及性能研究
发布时间：2019-03-21 13:25
【摘要】：玉米秸秆为山东地区常见的农业废弃物,大部分玉米秸秆被堆弃和焚烧处理,不仅浪费了耕地,而且浪费了大量的天然纤维。论文利用玉米秸秆制备玉米秸秆纤维,采用碱处理工艺对玉米秸秆纤维进行表面处理,然后再采用钛酸酯偶联剂进行复合改性,通过混炼、模压成型制备了玉米秸秆纤维/PVC复合材料。论文还针对玻璃纤维增强塑料(简称FRP)废弃物回收利用难的问题,选择FRP废弃物为回收利用对象,将其研磨并筛分至不同粒度范围,制备FRP废渣/秸秆纤维/PVC复合材料,研究FRP废渣对木塑复合材料(简称WPC)结构和性能的影响。利用金相显微镜、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)、X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、同步热分析仪(TG/DSC)等测试仪器,分析玉米秸秆纤维和FRP废渣的微观形貌、表面基团、物相组成、耐热性能等基本性能。玉米秸秆纤维的SEM分析显示,碱处理后玉米秸秆纤维的表面粗糙度增加,有纤维丝从大束纤维上剥离的现象。碱处理秸秆纤维加入量为50 phr时,WPC的弯曲强度最高,为77.15 MPa,维卡软化温度为95.9℃。秸秆纤维加入量为45 phr时,WPC的拉伸强度最高,为27.06 MPa。用转矩流变仪测试了不同秸秆纤维加入量时WPC转矩流变参数的变化,对比秸秆纤维加入量为30phr和40phr制备的WPC,秸秆纤维加入量提高,WPC物料的塑化时间、最大扭矩提高,表明WPC的加工性能变差。碱处理-钛酸酯偶联剂复合改性玉米秸秆纤维的FTIR分析表明,钛酸酯偶联剂与玉米秸秆纤维表面基团发生了化学反应。对比只加入碱处理秸秆纤维的WPC,当钛酸酯偶联剂的加入量为1.5 phr时,WPC的弯曲强度提高了13.3%、拉伸强度提高了2.8%、冲击强度提高了34%。WPC的冲击断面SEM分析显示,钛酸酯偶联剂改善了秸秆纤维和基体的界面结合。不同粒度的FRP废渣的烧失量实验结果表明,FRP废渣粒度越小其烧失量越大,即废渣中玻璃纤维的含量越少。FRP废渣的热重分析表明,在PVC复合材料加工温度范围内,FRP废渣无明显的热分解。随着FRP废渣加入量增加,WPC的拉伸强度和弯曲强度先增加后减小。当FRP废渣加入量为15 phr时,WPC的弯曲强度和拉伸强度最高,相比未加入FRP废渣的WPC,弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别提高了10.9%和12.1%,同时,WPC的吸水率最低。加入FRP废渣还提高了WPC的维卡软化温度。WPC的冲击断面SEM分析显示,FRP废渣加入量超过15 phr时,玻璃纤维在基体中的分散性变差,且基体对废渣中玻璃纤维的相容性变差。利用热重分析和差式扫描量热分析(TG/DSC)研究了FRP添加量和粒径对WPC热稳定性能的影响,FRP废渣提高了WPC的热稳定性。利用转矩流变仪测试了不同配方的FRP废渣/秸秆纤维/PVC复合材料的转矩流变参数的变化,研究加入FRP废渣对WPC加工性能的影响。
[Abstract]:Corn straw is a common agricultural waste in Shandong Province. Most corn stalks are disposed of by composting and incineration, which not only wastes cultivated land, but also wastes a lot of natural fiber. In this paper, corn straw fiber was prepared by using corn straw, the surface of corn straw fiber was treated by alkali treatment, and then modified by titanate coupling agent. Corn straw fiber / PVC composites were prepared by molding. Aiming at the difficulty of recycling the waste of glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), the paper chooses FRP waste as the recycling object, grinds it and sieves it to different particle size range to prepare FRP waste residue / straw fiber / PVC composite. The effect of FRP residue on the structure and properties of wood-plastic composites (WPC) was studied. The microstructure of corn straw fiber and FRP waste residue were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM),) infrared spectrum analyzer (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), synchronous thermal analyzer (TG/DSC), etc. Surface group, phase composition, heat resistance and other basic properties. The SEM analysis of corn straw fiber showed that the surface roughness of corn straw fiber increased after alkali treatment, and the fiber filament was stripped from the large bundle of fiber. When the amount of straw fiber treated with alkali is 50 phr, the bending strength of WPC is the highest, and the softening temperature of Vica is 95.9 鈩，
本文编号：2444976
[Abstract]:Corn straw is a common agricultural waste in Shandong Province. Most corn stalks are disposed of by composting and incineration, which not only wastes cultivated land, but also wastes a lot of natural fiber. In this paper, corn straw fiber was prepared by using corn straw, the surface of corn straw fiber was treated by alkali treatment, and then modified by titanate coupling agent. Corn straw fiber / PVC composites were prepared by molding. Aiming at the difficulty of recycling the waste of glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), the paper chooses FRP waste as the recycling object, grinds it and sieves it to different particle size range to prepare FRP waste residue / straw fiber / PVC composite. The effect of FRP residue on the structure and properties of wood-plastic composites (WPC) was studied. The microstructure of corn straw fiber and FRP waste residue were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM),) infrared spectrum analyzer (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), synchronous thermal analyzer (TG/DSC), etc. Surface group, phase composition, heat resistance and other basic properties. The SEM analysis of corn straw fiber showed that the surface roughness of corn straw fiber increased after alkali treatment, and the fiber filament was stripped from the large bundle of fiber. When the amount of straw fiber treated with alkali is 50 phr, the bending strength of WPC is the highest, and the softening temperature of Vica is 95.9 鈩，
本文编号：2444976
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