塑胶制品中的金属回收方法研究与装置设计

发布时间：2019-03-24 18:38

【摘要】：在塑胶行业中，很多采用模内注塑技术成型的塑胶制品中都带有高价值的金属嵌件，而金属嵌件的市场价格往往占塑胶制品原材料成本的90%。但是在注塑过程中，往往会由于缩水、熔接痕等各种缺陷而产生不良品。因此，如何回收这些不良品中的金属嵌件是一个具有较大经济价值的课题。目前，很多企业采用将这些不良品浸泡于化学药水中，，待塑胶被化学药水腐蚀并软化之后，再手工将金属嵌件与塑胶分离。这种回收方法不仅效率低下，而且会严重损害工人的身体健康和污染环境。而有些企业则是利用导热油的高温将塑胶制品中的塑胶熔化，以此来将塑胶与金属分离，这种方法虽然回收效率比较高，但是也存在健康问题和环保问题。本文首先创新性地提出以红外线加热为主、以空气加热为辅的双重加热模式来作为金属回收装置的基本工作原理，再利用离心力和空气喷射的双重作用，促使处于熔融状态的塑胶与金属嵌件分离。其次，在确定工作原理之后，就着手进行装置的开发工作。装置的开发工作主要分成机械设计和控制系统设计两部分。机械设计主要是对装置进行结构设计，而控制系统设计主要分成电器控制硬件设计和控制程序编程与软件设计两部分。在装置设计与装配完成之后，通过装置的调试，验证了装置的基本功能是可以实现的。通过实验，测试装置的回收效果和回收效率，根据实验结果分析其回收成本和所能创造的经济效益。结果表明，该装置的回收效率略低于导热油加热法，而回收效果、回收成本以及所能产生的经济效益则比导热油加热法有明显的优势。在调试与实验过程中，发现该金属回收装置存在装置振动、热量浪费以及控温滞后这三个问题亟待解决，因此，本文最后通过对装置结构和控制系统进行优化，解决了装置存在的这三个问题。
[Abstract]:In the plastic industry, many plastic products using in-mold injection molding technology have high-value metal inserts, and the market price of metal inserts often accounts for 90% of the raw material cost of plastic products. However, in the injection molding process, it is often due to shrinkage, weld marks and other defects and produce undesirable products. Therefore, how to recover metal inserts from these defective products is a subject of great economic value. At present, many enterprises use to soak these defective products in the chemical medicine water, after the plastic is corroded and softened by the chemical liquid, the metal insert is separated from the plastic by hand. This recycling method is not only inefficient, but also seriously harms workers' health and pollutes the environment. Some enterprises use the high temperature of heat conduction oil to melt plastic in plastic products to separate plastics from metal. Although the recovery efficiency of this method is high, but there are health problems and environmental protection problems. In this paper, we creatively put forward the dual heating mode, which is mainly infrared heating and air heating, as the basic working principle of metal recovery device, and then make use of the double action of centrifugal force and air injection, and then make use of the double action of centrifugal force and air injection. Causes the plastic in molten state to separate from metal insert. Secondly, after determining the working principle, proceed with the development of the device. The development of the device is divided into two parts: mechanical design and control system design. Mechanical design is mainly to design the structure of the device, and the control system design is divided into two parts: electrical control hardware design, control program programming and software design. After the design and assembly of the device is completed, the basic function of the device is verified by the debugging of the device. Through the experiment, the recovery effect and recovery efficiency of the equipment are tested, and the cost of recovery and the economic benefit can be created are analyzed according to the experimental results. The results show that the recovery efficiency of the unit is slightly lower than that of the heat conduction oil heating method, while the recovery effect, recovery cost and economic benefits produced by this device are obviously superior to that of the heat conduction oil heating method. In the process of debugging and experiment, it is found that the metal recovery device has three problems: device vibration, heat waste and temperature control lag. Therefore, the structure and control system of the metal recovery device are optimized by means of optimization of the device structure and control system. The three problems existing in the device are solved.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TQ336.44

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