类生物大分子调控的氧化锌微纳结构的制备及性能研究

发布时间：2019-04-10 16:25

【摘要】：随着社会的发展、工业化进程加剧以及人口的增长,全球能源危机与环境污染问题日益加重,作为未来最有可能解决这两大问题的半导体纳米材料,科学家们对其研究长盛不衰。类生物大分子结构对半导体材料形貌、性能等方面的影响非常重要,这方面的研究已逐步成为纳米材料领域的热门。本文中制备了三种氧化锌微纳结构,应用XRD、SEM等方法进行了表征,详细讨论了类生物大分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对氧化锌微纳结构制备过程中的作用,深入说明了氧化锌微纳结构的生长机理及温度对形貌的影响。对所制备的氧化锌微纳结构的光电流性能测试,并说明了片层状氧化锌纳米花状结构的光电流性能优于其他形貌的原因。与此同时,合成了 Ag/ZnO的复合材料,并以此复合材料作为基底对R6G分子进行了表面增强拉曼光谱检测,结果显示,R6G分子在较低浓度下依然能被准确检测出来。主要研究结果如下:(1)在常压下,通过液相化学合成法制备氧化锌微纳结构,并通过XRD、SEM对其进行了表征,表征结果显示氧化锌为纯六方晶系,形貌为六方棱柱短棒组成的花状结构、六方棱柱长棒组成的花状结构及片层组成的花状结构。(2)应用生物大分子聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对花状氧化锌纳米结构进行形貌调控,结果表明在PVP浓度较高的情况下,氧化锌不再沿c轴生长,而形成片状结构,同时说明了较低温度下液相化学合成在短棒尖端形成棱台状形貌的原因。(3)对不同形貌的氧化锌微纳结构进行了光电化学性能测试,片层组成的氧化锌纳米花状结构的光电流效果接近10 μA/cm2。(4)通过Ag/ZnO复合微纳结构对染料分子R6G进行了 SERS检测,结果表明,R6G分子为10-4M浓度时,依然能准确检测出其指纹峰。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the intensification of industrialization and the growth of population, the global energy crisis and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. As semiconductor nanomaterials most likely to solve these two problems in the future, Scientists have been studying it for a long time. The influence of bio-macromolecular structure on the morphology and properties of semiconductor materials is very important, and the research in this area has gradually become a hot topic in the field of nano-materials. In this paper, three kinds of ZnO micro / nano structures were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM and other methods. The effects of biopolymer polyvinylpyrrolidone on the preparation of ZnO micro / nano structures were discussed in detail. The growth mechanism of ZnO micro / nano structure and the effect of temperature on the morphology were explained. The photocurrent properties of ZnO nanostructures were tested, and the reason why lamellar ZnO nano-flower structure was superior to other morphology was explained. At the same time, the composite of Ag/ZnO was synthesized, and the R6G molecule was detected by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the R6G molecule could still be detected accurately at lower concentration. The main results are as follows: (1) the micro-and nano-structures of zinc oxide were prepared by liquid-phase chemical synthesis under atmospheric pressure and characterized by XRD,SEM. The results show that ZnO is a pure hexagonal system. The morphology of flower-like structure is hexagonal prismatic short rod, hexagonal prism long rod flower-like structure and lamellar flower-like structure. (2) the morphology of flower-like zinc oxide nanostructure is regulated by bio-macromolecule polyvinylpyrrolidone, which is composed of hexagonal prismatic short rod, hexagonal prism long rod and lamellar structure. The results show that when the concentration of PVP is high, zinc oxide no longer grows along the c axis, but forms the lamellar structure. At the same time, the reason for the formation of prismatic morphology at the tip of the short rod by liquid phase chemical synthesis at lower temperature is explained. (3) the photoelectrochemical properties of zinc oxide with different morphologies are tested. The photocurrent effect of ZnO nanostructure with lamellar composition was close to 10 渭 A 路cm ~ 2 路(4) the dye molecule R6G was detected by SERS with Ag/ZnO composite micro-nano-structure. The results showed that the dye molecule R6G was 10 渭 A 路cm ~ 2 路(4) when the concentration of R6G molecule was 10 渭 m. The fingerprint peak can still be detected accurately.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O614.241;TB383.1

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