用于能源生产和储存的纳米材料的设计和性能研究
发布时间：2019-04-20 11:05
【摘要】：能源危机已经成为人类面对的最重要的问题。要解决这个问题最主要的手段有两种：生产清洁的能源和制造高效的能源存储设备。本论文基于这两种解决能源危机的手段,从纳米材料角度入手,研究其在能源生产和能源存储方面的应用问题。具体研究内容如下：1.涉及清洁能源生产的光电催化分解水反应中催化材料的研究。主要研究了硅纳米线阵列(Silicon Nanowires Arrays, Si NWs)的合成及其光电催化分解水的性能。研究内容为：在不同掺杂类型的Si基底(p型和n型)上通过金属辅助刻蚀的方法合成了Si NWs,并在合成的Si NWs上负载了微量的纳米Pt颗粒。利用此Pt修饰的Si NWs (Si NWs/Pt)进行光电催化分解水的研究。结果表明：SiNWs/Pt的光电催化水分解性能较之Si NWs和平面Si基底有较大的提升,这是因为活性催化成分Pt的存在和Si NWs阵列结构的高表面粗糙度有效地提高了催化反应的性能。同时还重点研究了不同类型Si NWs/Pt (n和p型)和不同类型催化反应(氢气析出反应HER和氧气析出反应OER)之间的关系,发现不同类型的Si NWs/Pt对于HER和OER反应有不同的光增强效应,这一现象主要是由不同类型基底之间能带结构的差异引起的。2.有关能源存储器件的超级电容器电极材料的研究主要研究了碱处理过程中钴铝水滑石的形貌、结构及其超电容性能。研究内容包括：分别采用成核晶化隔离法和尿素水热法合成了CoAl-LDH,并对合成的水滑石进行不同时间的高浓度碱浸泡处理,制备出多孔CoAl-LDH复合产物。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、孔结构以及比表面积分析等测试手段对CoAl-LDH及其不同时间的碱处理产物样品的形貌和结构进行表征。结果显示,随着碱处理时间的增长,CoAl-LDH纳米片逐渐转变为多孔的CoAl-LDH/Co(OH)2复合物,最终被溶液中的氧气氧化成为CoOOH。同时对利用不同方法合成的CoAl-LDH及其碱处理产物进行电化学性能测试,来验证样品形貌及组成与超电容性能之间的关系。测试结果表明：不论是利用成核晶化隔离法还是利用水热法合成的CoAl-LDH样品,碱处理时间为1小时时,样品组成为Co(OH)2/CoAl-LDH,该复合物质还具有独特的多孔结构,因此在相应的系列产物中表现出最好的超电容性能、优越的循环稳定性以及出色的比率特性。
[Abstract]:Energy crisis has become the most important problem facing mankind. There are two main ways to solve this problem: the production of clean energy and the manufacture of efficient energy storage equipment. Based on these two ways to solve the energy crisis, this paper studies the application of nano-materials in energy production and energy storage. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. Study on catalytic materials for photocatalytic decomposition of water in clean energy production. The synthesis of silicon nanowire array (Silicon Nanowires Arrays, Si NWs) and its photocatalytic performance for water decomposition were studied in this paper. The contents of this study are as follows: Si NWs, was synthesized by metal-assisted etching on different doped Si substrates (p-type and n-type) and a small amount of nano-Pt particles were loaded on the synthesized Si NWs. This Pt modified Si NWs (Si NWs/Pt was used to study the photocatalytic decomposition of water. The results show that the photocatalytic water degradation performance of SiNWs/Pt is much higher than that of SiNWs and planar Si substrates, which is due to the presence of active catalytic component Pt and the high surface roughness of SiNWs array structure, which effectively improves the catalytic performance of the reaction. At the same time, the relationship between different types of Si NWs/Pt (n and p-type) and different types of catalytic reactions (hydrogen gas precipitation reaction HER and oxygen evolution reaction OER) was also studied. It is found that different types of Si NWs/Pt have different light enhancement effects on HER and OER reactions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the difference of energy band structures between different types of substrates. In this paper, the morphology, structure and supercapacitor properties of cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite during alkali treatment are mainly studied in the research of supercapacitor electrode materials for energy storage devices. The main contents are as follows: CoAl-LDH, was synthesized by nucleation isolation method and urea hydrothermal method respectively, and the synthesized hydrotalcite was immersed in high concentration alkali for different time, and the porous CoAl-LDH composite products were prepared. The morphology and structure of CoAl-LDH and its alkali-treated products of different time were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM, pore structure and specific surface area analysis. The results showed that with the increase of alkali treatment time, CoAl-LDH nanoparticles gradually transformed into porous CoAl-LDH/Co (OH)-2 complex, and eventually oxidized to CoOOH. by oxygen in the solution. At the same time, the electrochemical properties of CoAl-LDH and its alkali-treated products synthesized by different methods were tested to verify the relationship between the morphology and composition of the samples and the supercapacitor performance. The results show that when the alkali treatment time is 1 hour, the sample group is Co (OH) _ 2 / CoAlAl _ (LDH), and the composite material also has a unique porous structure, whether by nucleation isolation or hydrothermal synthesis of the CoAl-LDH sample, and the alkali treatment time is 1 hour, and the sample group is Co (OH) _ 2 / CoAl _ Al _ (LDH). Therefore, it shows the best supercapacitor performance, excellent cycle stability and excellent ratio characteristics in the corresponding series of products.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1
本文编号：2461549
[Abstract]:Energy crisis has become the most important problem facing mankind. There are two main ways to solve this problem: the production of clean energy and the manufacture of efficient energy storage equipment. Based on these two ways to solve the energy crisis, this paper studies the application of nano-materials in energy production and energy storage. The specific contents of the study are as follows: 1. Study on catalytic materials for photocatalytic decomposition of water in clean energy production. The synthesis of silicon nanowire array (Silicon Nanowires Arrays, Si NWs) and its photocatalytic performance for water decomposition were studied in this paper. The contents of this study are as follows: Si NWs, was synthesized by metal-assisted etching on different doped Si substrates (p-type and n-type) and a small amount of nano-Pt particles were loaded on the synthesized Si NWs. This Pt modified Si NWs (Si NWs/Pt was used to study the photocatalytic decomposition of water. The results show that the photocatalytic water degradation performance of SiNWs/Pt is much higher than that of SiNWs and planar Si substrates, which is due to the presence of active catalytic component Pt and the high surface roughness of SiNWs array structure, which effectively improves the catalytic performance of the reaction. At the same time, the relationship between different types of Si NWs/Pt (n and p-type) and different types of catalytic reactions (hydrogen gas precipitation reaction HER and oxygen evolution reaction OER) was also studied. It is found that different types of Si NWs/Pt have different light enhancement effects on HER and OER reactions. This phenomenon is mainly caused by the difference of energy band structures between different types of substrates. In this paper, the morphology, structure and supercapacitor properties of cobalt-aluminum hydrotalcite during alkali treatment are mainly studied in the research of supercapacitor electrode materials for energy storage devices. The main contents are as follows: CoAl-LDH, was synthesized by nucleation isolation method and urea hydrothermal method respectively, and the synthesized hydrotalcite was immersed in high concentration alkali for different time, and the porous CoAl-LDH composite products were prepared. The morphology and structure of CoAl-LDH and its alkali-treated products of different time were characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM, pore structure and specific surface area analysis. The results showed that with the increase of alkali treatment time, CoAl-LDH nanoparticles gradually transformed into porous CoAl-LDH/Co (OH)-2 complex, and eventually oxidized to CoOOH. by oxygen in the solution. At the same time, the electrochemical properties of CoAl-LDH and its alkali-treated products synthesized by different methods were tested to verify the relationship between the morphology and composition of the samples and the supercapacitor performance. The results show that when the alkali treatment time is 1 hour, the sample group is Co (OH) _ 2 / CoAlAl _ (LDH), and the composite material also has a unique porous structure, whether by nucleation isolation or hydrothermal synthesis of the CoAl-LDH sample, and the alkali treatment time is 1 hour, and the sample group is Co (OH) _ 2 / CoAl _ Al _ (LDH). Therefore, it shows the best supercapacitor performance, excellent cycle stability and excellent ratio characteristics in the corresponding series of products.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB383.1
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