废旧毛巾增强热固性复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

发布时间：2019-04-22 11:48

【摘要】：在纺织行业原料日益缩减、纺织产品使用范围不断扩大而使用周期却大大缩短的今天，大量完好的织物、服装以垃圾的形式存在于我们的地球,将这些废旧纺织品加以回收利用已成为解决这一问题行之有效的关键方法。毛巾作为日常生活中最常见的织物，无论是家庭生活，，还是各种宾馆、理发店等，毛巾的使用量都是庞大的，且健康的毛巾使用要求是三个月更新一次，因此废旧毛巾的数量是庞大的。本文以废旧毛巾作为研究对象，致力于寻求废旧毛巾的回收再利用方法。通过对废旧纺织品处理现状及再利用情况的了解，发现现有的废旧纺织品基本按照“废旧纺织品-再生纤维-产品”的回收再利用工艺路线进行加工处理，此加工路线存在流程长，生产成本高，涉及较多的机械加工，对再生纤维的性能损伤较大等问题。故本文使用手糊成型复合材料加工方法对废旧毛巾进行加工利用，以达到缩短工艺流程、降低加工成本和减少毛巾的性能损伤的目的。毛巾绝大多数都以天然棉纤维为原料，具有成本低、可降解等优点，且表面毛圈密集，吸水储水性好，能很好的与树脂浸润，有利于复合材料的成型。本文的研究内容主要有：(1)废旧毛巾的前处理工艺及组织和性能参数测试。设计废旧毛巾前处理工艺流程，使废旧毛巾进过简单化学处理达到复合材料增强织物要求。并对其组织结构和力学性能进行测试。(2)复合材料试样制备。以热固性树脂-不饱和聚酯树脂为基体，通过手糊成型法将其与废旧毛巾织物复合成型，探讨成型工艺及复合材料质量控制，并计算制备获得试样的纤维体积含量。(3)复合材料试样的拉伸性能研究。本文分别测试三种完整织物和三种拼接织物增强复合材料的经、纬向拉伸性能，并对比分析其拉伸载荷-伸长曲线、比强度和比模量及拉伸破坏模式等拉伸性能参数，研究增强织物的不同和增强织物的拼接处理对试样拉伸性能的影响。(4)复合材料试样的弯曲性能研究。研究方法与拉伸性能的研究相似。结果表明：毛巾织物结构松软、毛圈丰满，能与不饱和聚酯树脂进行很好的浸润复合；以手糊成型法制备毛巾/不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料，能获得成型良好、结构均匀无气泡的试样；通过拉伸和弯曲性能测试，可知试样具有较优的拉伸和弯曲性能，且拉伸破坏为脆性破坏；毛巾的拼接处理，使得试样的弯曲破坏形式由脆性破坏变为韧性破坏，并使试样的拉伸性能和弯曲性能都出现大幅度下降；增强织物毛圈组织不同对拉伸性能无明显影响，但对弯曲性能有影响。本文的研究工作，为以后废旧毛巾的复合材料回收利用法及实际应用提供了一定的参考数据，具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:As the raw materials of the textile industry are shrinking day by day, and the scope of use of textile products continues to expand and the life cycle of textile products is greatly shortened, a large number of intact fabrics and garments exist on our planet in the form of garbage. The recycling of these waste textiles has become an effective and effective method to solve this problem. Towel as the most common fabric in daily life, whether it is family life, or various hotels, barbershops, etc., the use of towels is huge, and the healthy use of towels is required to be updated every three months. So the amount of waste towels is huge. This article takes waste towel as the research object, devotes to seeking the recycling method of the waste towel. Through the understanding of the present situation and reuse of waste textiles, it is found that the existing waste textiles are basically processed according to the recycling and reuse process of "waste textiles-recycled fibers-products". This process has many problems, such as long process, high production cost, more mechanical processing, and greater damage to the properties of regenerated fibers. In order to shorten the technological process, reduce the processing cost and reduce the damage to the performance of towels, this paper uses hand paste composite material processing method to process waste towels. Most towels take natural cotton fiber as raw material and have the advantages of low cost and biodegradability, and the surface wool ring is dense, the water absorption and storage is good, and it can be well impregnated with resin, which is beneficial to the molding of composite materials. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) pre-treatment technology, microstructure and properties of waste towels. The pre-treatment process of waste towels was designed to make the waste towels get simple chemical treatment to meet the requirements of composite reinforced fabrics. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were tested. (2) the composite samples were prepared. Using thermosetting resin-unsaturated polyester resin as matrix, hand paste molding method was used to compound it with waste towel fabric, and the molding technology and the quality control of composite material were discussed. The fiber volume content of the obtained sample was calculated. (3) the tensile properties of the composite sample were studied. In this paper, the warp and weft tensile properties of three kinds of intact fabric and three kinds of stitched fabric reinforced composites were tested, and the tensile load-elongation curve, specific strength, specific modulus and tensile failure mode of the composites were compared and analyzed. The effects of different reinforcing fabrics and splicing treatment on tensile properties of reinforced fabrics were studied. (4) bending properties of composite samples were studied. The method of study is similar to that of tensile properties. The results show that the structure of towel fabric is soft, the wool circle is plump, and the towel fabric can be well infiltrated and composite with unsaturated polyester resin. The towels / unsaturated polyester resin composites were prepared by hand paste molding method, and the well-formed samples with uniform structure and no bubbles were obtained. Through the test of tensile and bending properties, it is known that the tensile and bending properties of the specimen are better, and the tensile failure is brittle failure. The splicing treatment of towels makes the bending failure form of the specimen change from brittle failure to ductile failure, and the tensile and bending properties of the specimen decrease greatly. There is no obvious effect on the tensile properties of the reinforced fabrics, but the bending properties are affected by the different structure of the wool rings of the reinforced fabrics. The research work in this paper provides some reference data for the recycling and utilization of waste towels in the future and its practical application, which has certain guiding significance.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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