石墨烯基复合材料的制备、表征及应用

发布时间：2019-05-07 09:03

【摘要】：石墨烯,单原子厚度的新型二维碳纳米材料,拥有着众多特殊的优点,如超高的比表面积、快速的电子传输能力、优秀的机械性能和力学性能、显著的导热性能、以及非凡的弹性性能,这些性能使得石墨烯成为一种非常具有潜力的材料,并且可以被应用在各个工业方面。但是单纯的石墨烯材料,由于在技术制备的过程中,容易形成堆叠和团聚,所以石墨烯基复合材料的引入,既最大化地利用了石墨烯的性能,而又有着掺入化合物的自身优势。石墨烯基复合材料可以非常有效地利用于各个工业方面,如锂离子电池、超级电容器、太阳能电池、透明电极、电子晶体管、生物传感检测、气体存储等超多方面,收获了非常丰富的性能结果。本论文基于石墨烯材料的超高比表面积、以及快速的电子传输能力等方面的特性,结合外来金属氧化物颗粒、外来导电聚合物等制备出复合材料,以致用于工业净水和超级电容器方面等应用,进一步提高设备的性能。主要的研究内容可以分成以下两个方面。第一,根据文献已报道的磁性-氧化石墨烯复合材料的制备方法,通过简单的EDC和NHS等试剂的超声辅助合成,使得石墨烯边缘的羧基和氧化铁表面的氨基,形成超级稳定的酰胺键,从而制备出了氧化铁-石墨烯这种复合材料。该复合材料可以非常高效地去除水中的染料污染物,并且可以通过光照分解复合材料中已经被吸附了的染料污染物,从而可以达到循环利用的创新点。之后对复合材料通过高倍透射显微镜、X射线分析、热重分析、磁滞回线等手段,进一步对复合材料进行表征。第二,针对石墨烯超高的比表面积以及超强的电子传输能力,通过与聚噻吩芘纳米带这种导电聚合物的原位还原反应,制备出的石墨烯/聚噻吩芘纳米带的复合材料应用于超级电容器的电极材料中,实验证明,这种复合材料的最大创新点在于石墨烯片层的形貌受到聚噻吩芘参与量的宏观调控影响,聚噻吩芘的量占的比重越大,石墨烯的形貌被调控和改变的越多,同时复合材料的电容值也就越稳定,减少地越慢。本实验既利用石墨烯的特性,又利用了聚噻吩芘超高的比电容值的优点,既制备出了创新的结构,又更加充分地利用各个参与化合物的特性,是一种非常有潜力的超级电容器电极材料。
[Abstract]:Graphene, a new type of two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with monoatomic thickness, has many special advantages, such as ultra-high specific surface area, fast electron transport capacity, excellent mechanical and mechanical properties, and remarkable thermal conductivity. And extraordinary elastic properties that make graphene a potential material and can be used in various industries. However, pure graphene materials are easy to form stacking and agglomeration in the process of preparation, so the introduction of graphene matrix composites not only maximizes the use of graphene properties, but also has its own advantages of doped compounds. Graphene-based composites can be used effectively in various industries, such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, transparent electrodes, electronic transistors, biosensor detection, gas storage, and so on. Very rich performance results have been obtained. Based on the characteristics of high specific surface area and fast electron transport ability of graphene materials, the composites were prepared by combining foreign metal oxide particles, external conductive polymers, and so on. As a result of industrial water purification and supercapacitors and other applications, further improve the performance of the equipment. The main research contents can be divided into the following two aspects. Firstly, according to the preparation methods of magnetic-graphene oxide composites reported in the literature, the carboxyl groups on the edge of graphene and the amino groups on the surface of iron oxide were synthesized by ultrasonic assisted synthesis of simple reagents such as EDC and NHS. The Fe _ 2O _ 3-graphene composite was prepared by the formation of super-stable amide bond. The composite can remove dye pollutants from water very efficiently, and it can decompose the dye pollutants that have been adsorbed in the composites by illumination, thus the innovation of recycling can be achieved. The composites were further characterized by means of high power transmission microscope, X-ray analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, hysteresis loop and so on. Second, the in-situ reduction of graphene with polythiophene-pyrene nanoband was carried out through the in-situ reduction of graphene with ultra-high specific surface area and ultra-strong electron transport capacity. Graphene / polythiophene pyrene nanoband composites were used in electrode materials of supercapacitors. The biggest innovation of the composite is that the morphology of graphene layer is influenced by macroscopical control of polythiophene pyrene participation. The larger the proportion of polythiophene pyrene, the more the morphology of graphene is regulated and changed, and the larger the proportion of polythiophene pyrene is, the more the morphology of graphene is regulated and changed. At the same time, the more stable the capacitance value of the composite is, the slower the decrease is. Both the characteristics of graphene and the high specific capacitance of polythiophene pyrene were used to prepare innovative structures and make full use of the properties of each participating compound. It is a potential electrode material for supercapacitor.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TQ127.11;TB33

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