玻璃纤维织物及其树脂复合材料的电性能研究

发布时间：2019-05-18 20:18

【摘要】：随着现代科学技术的快速发展，复合材料作为一种新型材料已成为二十一世纪的主导材料之一。在我国国民经济中，玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料依靠其重量轻、比强度高、耐腐蚀、电绝缘性能好、传热慢、热绝缘性好以及玻璃纤维复合材料的介电性能随频率不产生明显改变和材料的破坏是内部微观破坏的不断积累等特点，现已在雷达天线罩、汽车配件、印刷电路板等领域内得到了广泛地应用。在上述的众多应用领域中，材料的电磁性能是至关重要的。因此，本文主要围绕玻璃纤维织物及其复合材料的电磁性能开展一系列的相关研究，具体研究内容如下：在第一部分工作中，建立了纤维织物的介电常数模型。在本文中主要是借助于平行板电容器电容值的计算法则、Peirce机织物几何结构以及RC循环电路等来建立纤维织物介电常数模型的，且此模型与目前文献中已有的模型存在一定的区别不同，此模型考虑了织物中经纬纱线的交织规律，并利用Maple软件来计算其介电常数值。利用文中所建立的介电常数模型计算得到平纹纤维织物的介电常数值比实验测量值小4%~5%左右，因此，可认为此模型较为合理。此模型的建模方法也可用于建立其他组织结构织物的介电常数模型中。在第二部分工作中，为了探究结构配置对玻璃纤维织物及其复合材料电性能的影响，从玻纤材料的设计、制作到性能表征都做了系统性的工作。文中主要通过改变玻璃纤维纱线的捻度和织物的组织结构来研究结构配置对玻璃纤维织物及其复合材料电性能的影响。经研究分析得出，在三种不同结构的玻纤材料中，平纹加捻玻纤织物及其复合材料的介电常数值都比平纹无捻玻纤织物及其复合材料的小；且平纹加捻玻纤复合材料的介质损耗角正切值最小；对电磁波的衰减损耗和介质材料电磁参数的研究分析表明，在电磁波透过平纹加捻玻纤复合材料时，电磁波的衰减损耗最小，且平纹加捻玻纤复合材料的电磁参数(S11和S12参数)满足材料在电气领域内的使用条件。综上所述，在本文中的三种不同结构玻纤复合材料中，平纹加捻玻纤复合材料的电磁性能最佳，且最适宜在电气领域内应用。在第三部分工作中，主要对玻纤复合材料的冲击破坏及其介电性能之间的关系进行了研究，旨在探究运用复合材料的介电性能来检测其破坏程度的新方法。文中采用自行设计的落锤冲击仪器对玻纤复合材料进行冲击破坏，并对冲击破坏后玻纤复合材料的介电性能进行测试和分析，并得出了玻纤复合材料的介电性能与其破坏程度存在一定的关系；如落锤对平纹无捻玻纤复合材料进行12次的重复性冲击破坏后，玻纤材料的介电常数值下降了16.7%。因此，可推测出一种新的复合材料检测方法，即通过测试材料的介电性能来推测材料内部的破坏能量。此外，实验中也利用SEM技术对玻纤复合材料的表面破坏形貌以及横截断裂面进行了表征和分析。综上所述，本文主要从三个方面探究了玻璃纤维织物及其复合材料的电磁性能。首先，从理论上建立了纤维织物的介电常数模型；其次，在此基础上研究了结构配置对玻璃纤维织物及其复合材料电性能的影响情况；最后，对玻璃纤维复合材料的冲击破坏及其介电性能之间的关系进行了研究，并为开发一种新的复合材料检测方法提供了一定的研究基础。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern science and technology, the composite material has become one of the leading materials in the 21st century. in that national economy of China, the glass fib reinforced resin-based composite material has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, good electrical insulation property, slow heat transfer, The thermal insulation property and the dielectric property of the glass fiber composite material are not obviously changed with the frequency and the destruction of the material is the continuous accumulation of the internal micro-damage, and has been widely applied in the fields of the radome, the automobile parts, the printed circuit board and the like. In many applications described above, the electromagnetic properties of the material are critical. Therefore, a series of relevant research is carried out on the electromagnetic properties of glass fiber fabric and its composite material. The specific research contents are as follows: In the first part, the dielectric constant modulus of the fiber fabric is established. In this paper, the dielectric constant model of the fiber fabric is established by means of the calculation rule of the capacitance value of the parallel plate capacitor, the fabric geometry of the Peirce machine, and the RC circulation circuit, etc., and the model is different from that of the existing model in the current literature. In the same way, this model takes into account the weaving rule of warp and weft yarn in the fabric, and uses the Maple software to calculate its dielectric constant. The dielectric constant of the plain fiber fabric is 4% ~ 5% less than that of the experimental measurement by using the dielectric constant model established in this paper. The modeling method of this model can also be used to establish the dielectric constant model of other tissue structure fabrics. in that work of the second part, in order to explore the influence of the structure configuration on the electrical property of the glass fiber fabric and the composite material, the design, manufacture and performance characterization of the glass fiber material have been made systematic In this paper, the electrical properties of glass fiber fabric and its composite material are studied by changing the twist of the glass fiber yarn and the structure of the fabric. The results show that, in the three kinds of glass fiber materials with different structure, the dielectric constant value of the plain-twisted glass fiber fabric and the composite material is smaller than that of the plain-twist glass fiber fabric and the composite material, and the dielectric loss tangent of the plain-twisted glass fiber composite material The analysis of the attenuation loss of the electromagnetic wave and the electromagnetic parameters of the dielectric material shows that the attenuation loss of the electromagnetic wave when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted through the plain-twisted glass fiber composite the electromagnetic parameters (S11 and S12 parameters) of the plain-twisted glass fiber composite material meet the requirements of the material in the electric field, In the light of the above, in the three kinds of glass fiber composites, the electromagnetic properties of the plain-twisted glass fiber composite are the best, and the most suitable for the electric field In the third part, the relationship between the impact and the dielectric properties of the glass fiber composites is studied, and the purpose of this study is to explore the dielectric properties of the composite materials to detect the damage range. In this paper, a self-designed drop weight impact instrument is used to impact the glass fiber composite material, and the dielectric property of the glass fiber composite material after the impact failure is tested and analyzed, and the dielectric property and the degree of failure of the glass fiber composite material are obtained. the dielectric constant value of the glass fiber material is reduced after 12 times of repeated impact damage to the plain and untwisted glass fiber composite material, 16.7%. Therefore, a new method for the detection of composite materials, i. e., by testing the dielectric properties of the material, can be used to estimate the inside of the material. In addition, the surface damage and the cross-sectional fracture surface of glass fiber composites were also studied by means of SEM. In the light of the above, the paper mainly discusses the glass fiber fabric and its composite from three aspects. Firstly, the dielectric constant model of the fiber fabric is established from the theory; secondly, the electric properties of the glass fiber fabric and the composite material of the glass fiber fabric and the composite material are researched on the basis of the structure In the end, the relationship between the impact failure and the dielectric property of the glass fiber composite material is studied, and a new method for detecting the composite material is provided.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

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