皮粉基高分子复合材料的制备及其性能研究

发布时间：2019-05-30 06:19

【摘要】：聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯等以石油为原料的通用合成树脂由于具有良好的加工性能和耐久性等性质，所以用于家电制品、汽车部件、建筑材料以及食品包装等各种领域中，它们在人们的生活中不可缺少的材料之一。但是，随着化石资源的开采，这些不可再生资源日益减少和环境问题日益受到公众重视。因此必须找到其他可以代替合成树脂的材料。但是，这些合成树脂制品在用完扔弃的阶段，其良好的耐久性成为缺点，在自然界中的降解性差，所以对生态系统会造成不利的影响。因此开发推广生物降解材料和高价值利用生物资源，成为当代经济和社会发展的重大研究课题和方向。本论文选择了废弃的皮粉（SLFs），采取机械共混的方法，制备了一系列热固性树脂（环氧树脂，EP）和热塑性树脂（聚丙烯，PP）高分子复合材料。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM）、热重分析仪(TGA)、万能拉力实验机、悬臂梁冲击试验机等测试手段对皮粉基高分子复合材料进行了微观结构、固化行为、固化动力学、结晶行为、结晶动力学、热稳定性和力学性能进行了研究和表征。通过研究复合材料的微观结构与宏观性能之间的关系，得出如下结论： 1. EP/OMMTs/SLFs复合材料 1）有机蒙托土(OMMTs)和SLFs的加入能够促进环氧树脂的固化反应。 2）EP/OMMTs/SLFs复合材料的宏观性能强烈地依赖于填料的用量、组成、分散等。 3）根据Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方法，EP的活化能随着反应转化率的增长而先升高后降低。 4）SLFs对EP有增韧作用，，随着SLFs含量的升高，EP/OMMTs/SLFs复合材料的交联密度和玻璃化转变温度均逐渐降低，而冲击强度逐渐升高。 2.PP/SLFs复合材料 1）PE-g-MAH与SLFs之间存在着化学反应，有利于SLFs在PP基体中的分散，改善了PP/SLFs复合材料的力学性能。 2）复合材料的力学性能与SLFs的用量和SLFs在PP基体中的分散状态有关。 3）SLFs在PP体系中可以作为异象形核剂来促进PP的结晶。
[Abstract]:Polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and other petroleum-based synthetic resins are used in household appliances, automotive parts, building materials, food packaging and other fields because of their good processing properties and durability. They are one of the indispensable materials in people's lives. However, with the exploitation of fossil resources, these non-renewable resources are decreasing day by day and environmental problems are paid more and more attention by the public. Therefore, it is necessary to find other materials that can replace synthetic resins. However, when these synthetic resin products are used up, their good durability becomes a disadvantage, and their degradability in nature is poor, so it will have a negative impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the development and promotion of biodegradable materials and the high value utilization of biological resources have become an important research topic and direction of contemporary economic and social development. In this paper, a series of thermosetting resins (epoxy resin, EP) and thermoplastic resin (polypropylene, PP) polymer composites) were prepared by mechanical blending of waste leather powder (SLFs),. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning Calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), universal tension tester, The microstructure, curing behavior, curing kinetics, crystallization behavior, crystallization kinetics, thermal stability and mechanical properties of skin powder based polymer composites were studied and characterized by cantilever impact testing machine. By studying the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of the composites, the following conclusions are drawn: 1. EP/OMMTs/SLFs composite 1) the addition of organic montmorillonite (OMMTs) and SLFs can promote the curing reaction of epoxy resin. 2) the macroscopic properties of EP/OMMTs/SLFs composites depend strongly on the amount, composition and dispersion of fillers. 3) according to Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, the activation energy of EP increased at first and then decreased with the increase of reaction conversion. 4) SLFs can toughen EP. With the increase of SLFs content, the cross-linking density and glass transition temperature of EP/OMMTs/SLFs composites decrease gradually, but the impact strength increases gradually. 2.PP/SLFs composite 1) there is a chemical reaction between PE-g-MAH and SLFs, which is beneficial to the dispersion of SLFs in PP matrix and improves the mechanical properties of PP/SLFs composites. 2) the mechanical properties of the composites are related to the amount of SLFs and the dispersion of SLFs in PP matrix. 3) SLFs can be used as heteromorphological nucleating agent in PP system to promote the crystallization of PP.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：O631.3;TB33

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