热硫化硅橡胶基耐烧蚀复合材料的制备与性能研究

发布时间：2019-07-09 13:40

【摘要】：固体火箭发动机隔热层以橡胶基耐烧蚀材料为主,为获得更优异的隔热材料,本文开展了以硅橡胶为基础的耐烧蚀材料研究。通过单因素法对由硅橡胶、白炭黑和碳纤维三者构成的硅橡胶基胶进行了讨论,并从SiC、ZrO2、ZrB2、B4C中选出合适的耐烧蚀填料,最后通过正交实验对ZrO2/硅橡胶复合材料进行了系统的研究,得到了最优配方,并对烧蚀层做了初步分析。研究结果表明：PVMQ的含量增加可以有效的增强基胶的耐烧性能,对力学性能影响小。白炭黑对基胶的力学性能起到重要的补强作用,但对增强耐烧蚀性无效果。碳纤维提高基胶耐烧蚀性能,但会降低基胶的力学性能,6mm碳纤维效果好于3mm碳纤维。所用四种无机填料中ZrO2最适宜作为耐烧蚀填料。ZrO2的含量增加会大大提高基胶的耐烧蚀性能,对力学性能影响小。ZrO2/硅橡胶耐烧蚀复合材料中,PVMQ的含量对其耐烧蚀性影响最为重要,白炭黑对力学性能起主导作用,Zr02的加入对复合材料起到了积极作用。最优配方为m(PVMQ)/[m(VMQ)+m(PVMQ)]=50%的硅橡胶100份,白炭黑30份,6mm碳纤维12份,Zr0230份。其质量烧蚀率为0.028g/s,线烧蚀率为0.044mm/s,抗拉强度5.28MPa,密度1.29g/cm3。ZrO2/硅橡胶耐烧蚀复合材料烧蚀后可分为表面层、碳化层、热解层、基体层。表面层主要是由SiO2形成的覆盖层。碳化层是由碳、ZrO2、碳纤维、SiO2穿插形成的致密结构。烧蚀过程中产生了微量SiC分布在表面层和碳化层中,烧蚀层中的SiO2有一部分来自硅橡胶的分解。
文内图片：

图片说明：火箭固冲发动机结构
[Abstract]:The thermal insulation layer of solid rocket motor is mainly rubber-based ablation resistant material. in order to obtain better thermal insulation material, the ablation resistance material based on silicone rubber has been studied in this paper. The silicone rubber base adhesive composed of silicone rubber, silica and carbon fiber was discussed by single factor method, and the suitable ablation resistant fillers were selected from SiC,ZrO2,ZrB2,B4C. Finally, the ZrO2/ silicone rubber composites were systematically studied by orthogonal experiment, and the optimal formula was obtained, and the ablation layer was preliminarily analyzed. The results show that the increase of PVMQ content can effectively enhance the firing resistance of the base adhesive, but has little effect on the mechanical properties. Silica plays an important role in strengthening the mechanical properties of the base adhesive, but has no effect on enhancing the burnout resistance. Carbon fiber can improve the ablation resistance of base adhesive, but it will reduce the mechanical properties of base adhesive. The effect of 6mm carbon fiber is better than that of 3mm carbon fiber. Among the four inorganic fillers, ZrO2 is the most suitable for ablation resistance. The increase of zirconia content will greatly improve the ablation resistance of the matrix adhesive, but has little effect on the mechanical properties. In the zirconia / silicone rubber ablation resistant composites, the content of PVMQ has the most important effect on the ablation resistance, silica plays a leading role in the mechanical properties, and the addition of Zr02 plays a positive role in the composites. The optimum formula was m (PVMQ) / [m (VMQ) m (PVMQ)] = 50% silicone rubber 100 phr, silica 30 phr, 6mm carbon fiber 12 phr, Zr0230 phr. The mass ablation rate is 0.028 g / s, the linear ablation rate is 0.044 mm / s, the tensile strength is 5.28 MPA, and the density 1.29g/cm3.ZrO2/ silicone rubber ablation resistant composites can be divided into surface layer, carbide layer, pyrolysis layer and substrate layer after ablation. The surface layer is mainly a coating formed by SiO2. The carbide layer is a dense structure formed by carbon, ZrO2, carbon fiber and SiO2. In the process of ablation, trace SiC is distributed in the surface layer and carbide layer, and part of the SiO2 in the ablation layer comes from the decomposition of silicone rubber.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TB332

【相似文献】