减小碰撞损失的操船方案

发布时间：2018-01-13 17:01

本文关键词：减小碰撞损失的操船方案　出处：《集美大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海事事故中船舶碰撞危害巨大,不仅会造成人员、财物的损失,碰撞中货物的泄漏还将会对环境造成一定的影响,如原油泄漏等。当两船交会陷入紧迫危险时,单凭一船的行动已无法避免碰撞的产生,采取有效的操船方案尽可能减小碰撞损失是值得研究的课题。减小碰撞损失操船决策的研究较为复杂,涉及面较广,不仅需要考虑船舶的操纵特性和运动机理,还要借鉴一些专业人员的航海经验。本文采用模糊数学、几何分析和仿真实验的方法,完成了相关模型的建立和决策表的生成,主要工作如下:(1)优化船舶碰撞损失评价标准。以能量损失的计算(利用MATLAB程序将船舶碰撞外部机理公式套入船舶模型参数计算)为基础,考虑船体结构破损情况和船舶的重点避碰部位;将主观赋值结果和客观赋值结果综合处理得出权重值。由于船体破损的边界具有模糊性,利用模糊系统理论的方法对能量损失值进行处理获得船体破损的相关系数。船舶碰撞损失评价标准以不同碰撞角度、碰撞位置下的损失权值体现;重点在将船舶碰撞能量损失曲线的细化。(2)确定不可避免碰撞下操船措施。主要采用专家咨询和仿真模拟实验相结合的研究方法。重点讨论了停车在开阔水域的转向和降速效果,在仿真平台上进行模拟操船实验验证,通过向《船舶操纵与避碰》课程执教教师和资深船长咨询,进一步分析其机理。(3)完善碰撞损失最小临界距离Dlmin。Dlmin作为紧迫危险模糊边界的内边界,它是制定船舶碰撞模拟实验的依据。本文在前期研究的估算模型基础上进行简化处理,总结出适用于不同方位来船的Dlmin计算公式,最后通过仿真实验验证这一公式计算的正确性和适用性。(4)构建减小碰撞损失的操船方案。主要依据两船的交会特征、来船方位、决策前的碰撞部位等要素,将不可避免碰撞下的两船交会情况划分为46种基本会遇态势。借助SIHC平台对这46种基本会遇态势进行模拟操船实验,选择左改向、右改向等操船措施中碰撞损失(碰撞损失权值)最小的为该态势下的RCL操船决策。
[Abstract]:The collision of ships in maritime accidents will not only cause the loss of people and property, but also the leakage of goods will have a certain impact on the environment, such as oil spill, etc. When the two ships are in imminent danger. The collision can not be avoided by the action of one ship alone. It is worth studying to reduce the collision loss as much as possible by adopting the effective ship operation scheme. The research on the decision-making of reducing the collision loss is more complex and involves a wide range of aspects. It is necessary not only to consider the maneuvering characteristics and motion mechanism of ships, but also to draw lessons from the navigation experience of some professionals. The methods of fuzzy mathematics, geometric analysis and simulation experiments are used in this paper. The establishment of relevant models and the generation of decision tables are completed. The main work is as follows: 1) optimizing the evaluation standard of ship collision loss. Based on the calculation of energy loss (using MATLAB program to apply the external mechanism formula of ship collision into the calculation of ship model parameters). Considering the damage of the hull structure and the key collision avoidance position of the ship; The weight value is obtained by synthesizing the subjective and objective assignment results. The boundary of hull damage is fuzzy. The correlation coefficient of ship hull damage is obtained by using the method of fuzzy system theory to deal with the energy loss value. The evaluation standard of ship collision loss is reflected by the loss weight value under different collision angle and collision position. The emphasis is on refining the energy loss curve of ship collision. The research method of combining expert consultation and simulation experiment is adopted to determine the measures of ship operation under inevitable collision. The steering and decelerating effects of parking in open water are discussed emphatically. On the platform of simulation, the simulation ship operation experiment was carried out, and the teacher and the senior captain were consulted in the course of ship handling and collision avoidance. The mechanism is further analyzed. (3) perfect the minimum critical distance of collision loss Dlmin.Dlmin as the inner boundary of the urgent danger fuzzy boundary. It is the basis of ship collision simulation experiment. In this paper, the Dlmin calculation formula for different azimuth ships is summed up, based on the pre-study estimation model. Finally, the correctness and applicability of the formula are verified by simulation experiments. Finally, a ship operation scheme to reduce the collision loss is constructed, and the azimuth of the ship is mainly based on the intersection characteristics of the two ships. The collision position before decision is divided into 46 kinds of basic encounter situations, and the 46 basic encounter situations are simulated by SIHC platform. The minimum collision loss (weight value of collision loss) in the measures of turning left direction and right direction is the decision of RCL ship operation under this situation.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U675.9

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