国内外海事气象保障服务之比较研究

发布时间：2018-02-23 20:21

本文关键词： 交通运输安全海事气象保障恶劣天气气象服务产品比较分析　出处：《大连海事大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年来,我国气象灾害频繁发生,因恶劣天气引发的海上交通事故不容小觑,随着船舶日趋大型化,船舶数量的不断增加,严重影响海洋生态环境和海上安全作业。面对复杂的通航环境,海事气象保障服务不可或缺。虽然我国海洋气象事业已取得了一定进展,预报准确率也在逐步提高,但沿海仍有事故不断发生。因此,进一步提高我国海事气象保障服务水平,对减少恶劣天气引发的海难事故,规避风险和提高效益意义重大。本文对近年来中国近海恶劣天气引起船舶事故进行了调查和统计,结果表明大风浪是对船舶安全影响最大的因素。通过资料汇总和图表分析法,综合分析了水文气象条件对航行安全的影响,得出了易发生事故的船舶种类、船舶吨位、季节和海区分布情况,以此作为改进海事气象保障服务的依据。通过对国内海事气象保障服务产品的研究,包括中央气象台、国家海洋局的国家海洋环境预报中心、各省市专业气象台以及黄渤海海洋气象信息共享网,探究其存在的主要问题,了解国内海事气象保障服务的潜在需求情况;以欧洲MeteoGroup和日本的WNI为例,对网站相关内容进行分析,得到国外海事气象保障服务产品的特点及趋势。从形式、内容、技术、理论四个方面对比分析国内外海事气象保障服务状况,指出国内气象保障产品的精细化程度不够、缺乏深度开发等不足之处。针对事故分析结果和国内气象保障的不足,提出包括海事气象评估范围需要扩展,延长预报时效,丰富产品种类,以及做好渔船相关气象保障服务等建议。这些建议为今后更好地开展海事气象保障服务工作,以及为船舶安全管理和船舶气象保障研究提供了理论依据,为国内海事气象保障服务产品的进一步优化升级和确定正确的研究方向提供重要的参考思路,达到保障海上经济活动中生命财产安全的目的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, meteorological disasters occur frequently in our country. The maritime traffic accidents caused by bad weather can not be underestimated. With the increasing size of ships, the number of ships is increasing. The marine ecological environment and maritime safety operations are seriously affected. In the face of the complex navigational environment, maritime meteorological support services are indispensable. Although certain progress has been made in marine meteorology in China, the accuracy of forecasting has been gradually improved. However, accidents still occur in the coastal areas. Therefore, to further improve the service level of maritime meteorological support in China, to reduce maritime accidents caused by bad weather, It is of great significance to avoid risks and improve efficiency. This paper makes an investigation and statistics on ship accidents caused by severe weather off the coast of China in recent years. The results show that the heavy wind and waves are the most important factors affecting the safety of ships. The influence of hydrometeorological conditions on navigation safety is analyzed synthetically, and the types, tonnage, seasons and distribution of ships prone to accidents are obtained. As a basis for improving maritime meteorological support services. Through research on domestic maritime meteorological support service products, including the Central Meteorological Station, the State Marine Environment Forecast Center of the State Oceanic Administration, Professional meteorological stations in various provinces and cities and the marine meteorological information sharing network in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea to explore its main problems and understand the potential demand for maritime meteorological support services in China. Take MeteoGroup in Europe and WNI in Japan as examples, Through the analysis of the relevant contents of the website, the characteristics and trends of maritime meteorological support service products abroad are obtained. The status of maritime meteorological support services at home and abroad is compared and analyzed from four aspects: form, content, technology and theory. It is pointed out that the degree of fineness of domestic meteorological support products is not enough and the deficiency of deep development is lacking. In view of the result of accident analysis and the deficiency of domestic meteorological support, it is proposed that the scope of maritime meteorological assessment should be expanded and the forecasting time limit should be extended. Such suggestions as enriching the variety of products and doing a good job of meteorological support services for fishing vessels provide a theoretical basis for the better development of maritime meteorological support services in the future, as well as for the study of ship safety management and ship meteorological support. It provides an important reference for the further optimization and upgrading of the domestic maritime meteorological support service products and the determination of the correct research direction in order to ensure the safety of life and property in marine economic activities.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U675.12

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