船载AIS信息完善性指示系统设计

发布时间：2018-03-11 16:50

本文选题：AIS　切入点：动态信息　出处：《大连海事大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自2002年国际海事组织(IMO)强制安装自动识别系统(AIS)后,历经13年的时间,AIS得到迅速发展,现己成为保障船舶安全航行、实施船舶远程监控、有效管理港口交通、陆海协调搜救等的重要助航设备。随着技术的不断发展,AIS系统性能也在不断完善,但笔者通过了解AIS设备使用情况及实际接收AIS报文信息,发现其中仍然存在许多问题,如AIS设备质量参差不齐；在海上避碰及其他运用中存在诸多局限性；AIS静态信息没有输入或输入不正确；航次相关信息未输入、未及时更新或输入不正确；动态信息中报文误码、丢失、重复、延时、更新间隔不规范等,种种因素都可能导致接收的信息不够可靠、不够精确或不够完善。虽然在AIS动态信息中有“位置准确度”和“RAIM标志”两项指标来指示位置信息的精度(或可靠程度),这是基于接收端能接收到船舶AIS动态信息的前提,且完善性指示信息只有GNSS传感器的精度,目前使用大多使用GPS/DGPS,精度在20-30 m/3-10 m(采用C/A码时)。但在接收端AIS目标动态信息长时间未更新的情况下,如果还仅仅依靠GNSS传感器的指示信息来判断目标位置的准确性,这就很难满足航海实践的需求。对于这些情况如何对信息做更合理的完善性指示,对接收端来讲,目前还没有较好的解决方法。本文致力于研究AIS信息完善性指示系统的设计。首先通过实验设备采集AIS报文数据并对其解析,根据解析前后的AIS数据针对性分析AIS不可靠性现象,发现主要存在5大类问题：AIS静态信息、航次相关信息未按规定输入或输入不正确；信息重复；信息延时；采集的数据中存在一条消息由6条语句组成的现象；动态信息缺失(即信息残缺或丢失)。针对这几类问题做系统分析,并提出解决方案。对其中较为重要的动态信息缺失现象进一步分析和完善,设计船载AIS信息完善性指示系统,主要包含预警、指示和完善三个模块,其中完善模块采用卡尔曼滤波算法对AIS目标跟踪预测,填补缺失的AIS船位,并在Visual Studio 2013平台用C#语言仿真实现系统各模块功能,提高了接收端信息的可参考性及完善性,给驾驶员及交管部门提供一个清晰的信息显示界面及可靠的判断依据。
[Abstract]:Since 2002, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) forced the installation of automatic identification system (AIS), after 13 years of rapid development of AIS, has become to ensure the safe navigation of ships, the implementation of remote monitoring of ships, effective management of port traffic, With the continuous development of technology, the performance of the AIS system is also being improved. However, the author finds that there are still many problems in the system by understanding the usage of the AIS equipment and actually receiving the information of the AIS message. For example, the quality of AIS equipment is not uniform; there are many limitations in collision avoidance and other applications at sea; the static information of AIS is not input or input is incorrect; the information related to voyage is not input, updated or inputted correctly in time; the error code of message in dynamic information, Loss, repetition, delay, irregular update intervals, etc., all of which may lead to the lack of reliability of the information received, Not accurate or perfect. Although there are two indicators in the AIS dynamic information: "position accuracy" and "RAIM mark" to indicate the accuracy (or reliability) of the position information, this is based on the premise that the receiving terminal can receive the ship's AIS dynamic information. And the perfect indication information only has the precision of GNSS sensor. At present, most of the users use GPS / DGPSs, the accuracy is 20-30 m / 3 ~ 10 m (using C / A code), but the dynamic information of AIS target at the receiving end has not been updated for a long time. If we only rely on the indication information of the GNSS sensor to judge the accuracy of the target position, it will be difficult to meet the requirements of navigation practice. At present, there is no better solution. This paper is devoted to the design of AIS information perfection indicator system. Firstly, the data of AIS message are collected and analyzed by the experimental equipment. According to the analysis of AIS data before and after analysis, it is found that there are five main types of static information of AIS, the related information of voyage is not input or incorrectly according to the regulations, the information is repeated, the information is delayed; There is a message composed of six sentences in the collected data, the dynamic information is missing (that is, the information is incomplete or missing). And put forward the solution. Further analysis and improvement of the more important dynamic information missing phenomenon, the design of shipborne AIS information integrity indicator system, mainly including early warning, indication and improvement of three modules, The perfect module uses Kalman filter algorithm to track and predict the AIS target, fills the missing AIS position, and realizes the function of each module in the Visual Studio 2013 platform by using C # language, which improves the reference and perfection of the information at the receiving end. To provide a clear information display interface and reliable basis for the driver and traffic control department.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U675.7

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