新概念水中生产系统耦合运动及风险评估研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 13:41

本文选题：油气开发生产平台　切入点：张力系泊式水中生产系统　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：随着海洋油气资源开发逐步向深海(水深500-1500m)和超深海(水深大于1500m)发展,各种新型海洋工程结构物不断涌现。目前,新型海洋工程结构物的设计研究主要集中在浮式海洋平台概念的基础之上。国际上广泛应用的浮式海洋平台类型主要有：张力腿平台、Spar平台、半潜式海洋平台、深水钻井船、浮式生产储卸油系统(Floating Production Storage and Offloading system,简称FPSO)以及浮式钻井生产储卸油系统(FDPSO)等。尽管浮式海洋平台被广泛拓展应用于超深海油气资源的开发活动,但是面对具有强风和巨浪等多种灾害性海洋环境要素特征的超深海,浮式海洋平台存在着诸多不足,例如：本体结构尺寸过大、定位性能要求高、设计和施工技术复杂以及无安全有效的避险技术等。因此,研究开发新一代的“超深海灾害性海洋环境要素适应性海洋油气开发作业支撑系统”对于我国掌握超深海油气资源勘探开发的前沿技术和建立具有自主知识产权的超深海石油工程装备体系具有深远意义。本文的研究内容主要分为以下五个部分：(1)基于对超深海灾害性海洋环境要素的认知和超深海油气资源开发作业所遇到的技术难题,提出一种基于张力系泊式潜没浮筒(水中生产作业平台)的水中生产系统(Subsurface Tension Leg Production system,简称STLP系统)新概念,并进一步构建了基于水面FPSO和STLP系统的超深海油气生产开发系统,为超深海油气田开发提供了一种全新的解决方案。在明确STLP系统的功能需求和技术要求等设计基础上,提出了需要遵循的设计准则,采用交互式的方法开展了STLP系统关键构件的概念设计。概念设计内容主要包括潜没浮筒结构型式的确定、潜没浮筒的总布置和主尺度预估、潜没浮筒的重量分布、张力系泊系统设计、刚性立管系统设计和管线中转装置设计等。(2)提出一种新型桁架式海星构型的潜没浮筒(Truss Seastar Pontoon,简称T-SSP),应用数值计算的方法开展T-SSP的水动力性能研究,计算得到了T-SSP的水动力系数,并进一步开展了潜没浮筒的水动力参数敏感性分析。研究结果表明T-SSP横向拖曳力系数的确定具有相当重要性。(3)建立了潜没平台(包括T-SSP、采油设备、系泊系统以及刚性立管系统)全耦合的数值计算模型,系统地研究了水中生产作业平台的张力系泊系统的定位特性,重点研究了张力系泊缆的初始方位角、预张力、水深以及流速等因素对潜没浮筒定位性能的影响。研究结果表明,张力系泊缆的初始方位须垂直于潜没浮筒底面,从而在保持T-SSP稳定性的前提下,能够实现基于潜没平台的超深海油气生产开发系统的整体优化布局。此外,系统地开展了刚性立管系统的设计分析,包括刚性立管系统的运动响应分析、干涉分析、在位强度分析、屈曲分析以及疲劳损伤计算分析等,分析结果表明预安装的T-SSP能够为多井口联合生产作业提供稳定可靠的浅水作业平台。(4)基于悬链线理论,建立了FPSO与STLP系统之间的柔性跨接管长度的优化设计准则。进一步地,建立了基于水面FPSO和STLP系统的超深海油气生产开发系统(包括T-SSP、采油设备、系泊系统、刚性立管系统、柔性跨接管系统和FPSO)全耦合的数值计算模型,系统地研究了不规则波环境条件下一阶波浪运动和FPSO极限偏移对潜没平台运动特性的影响；研究结果表明,针对超深海灾害性海洋环境要素,STLP系统具有良好的适应性。(5)针对STLP系统在生产作业过程中由于潜在的危险事件而导致的原油泄漏风险,建立了STLP系统定量风险评估的理论框架。在建立STLP系统风险接受准则的基础上,识别潜在的危险事件,并建立整体风险模型；基于事故数据库和专家评判,对主要危险事件的发生概率和危险事件发生后果进行了系统地计算分析,并研究了定量风险评估过程中不确定性的影响；基于已建立的风险接受准则,确立了STLP系统的风险等级,并提出了降低STLP系统整体风险水平的推荐措施。定量风险评估结果表明只有水下井口头泄漏的环境风险水平位于ALARP (As Low As Reasonable Practicable,简称ALARP)区域,其余危险事件的环境风险水平和经济风险水平均位于可接受风险区域,验证了采用新型STLP系统开展超深海油气资源开发作业所具有的安全性优势。
[Abstract]:With the development of offshore oil and gas resources gradually to the deep sea (500-1500m water depth) and ultra deep water (water depth greater than 1500m) development, a variety of new ocean engineering structures emerge. At present, a new design of marine structure mainly based on the floating platform. The concept of floating platform type has been widely used in the world mainly include: the tension leg platform, Spar platform, semi submersible platform, deepwater drilling ship, floating production storage and offloading system (Floating Production Storage and Offloading system, referred to as FPSO) and floating drilling production, storage and offloading system (FDPSO). Although the floating platform is widely applied to ultra deep the oil and gas resources development activities, but faced with strong winds and waves and other disasters of marine environment characteristics of Deepwater Floating Offshore platform has many drawbacks, such as: body structure The size is too large, the positioning performance requirements, design and construction technology of complex and non hedging technology is safe and effective. Therefore, the research and development of a new generation of "ultra deepwater disaster marine environment adaptability of offshore oil and gas development operation support system for our master advanced technology ultra deepwater oil and gas exploration and establishment with independent intellectual property rights of the ultra deep petroleum engineering equipment system has far-reaching significance. This paper is divided into five parts as follows: (1) the technical difficulties of ultra deepwater disaster marine environment cognition and ultra deep oil and gas resources development based on operation of a mooring buoy based on submersible (water production platform) water production system (Subsurface Tension Leg Production system, referred to as STLP system) a new concept, and further build a water surface based on FPSO and ST Ultra deepwater oil and gas production and development of the LP system, provides a new solution for ultra deepwater oil and gas field development. Based on the function of STLP system requirements and technical requirements of design, puts forward the design rules to follow, using interactive methods to carry out the conceptual design of the key components of the STLP system. The concept of design content mainly includes the structure of submerged buoy, estimate the total layout and the main scale submerged buoy, the weight distribution of submerged buoy, mooring system design, rigid riser system design and pipeline transit device design. (2) proposed a new truss type submerged buoy Starfish (Truss Seastar Pontoon configuration referred to as T-SSP), the hydrodynamic performance of T-SSP carried out by using a numerical calculation method, the hydrodynamic coefficients of the T-SSP calculation, and further develop the hydrodynamic parameter sensitive submerged buoy Perceptual analysis. The results show that the T-SSP is very important to determine the lateral drag drag coefficient. (3) a submerged platform (including T-SSP, production equipment, mooring system and rigid riser) numerical model coupling, positioning characteristics of tension mooring system is systematically studied in water production industry platform, key study on the mooring line tension initial azimuth angle, tension, influence of water depth and flow rate on the submerged buoy positioning performance. The results show that the initial tension of the mooring cable must be orientation perpendicular to the subduction buoy bottom surface, resulting in the premise of maintaining the stability of T-SSP, to achieve the overall layout optimization of ultra deepwater oil and gas production and development system of submerged platform based. In addition, the system to carry out a rigid vertical pipe system design and analysis, including the rigid riser motion response analysis, interference analysis, in-situ strength Analysis, analysis and calculation of buckling and fatigue damage analysis results show that the pre installed T-SSP can provide a stable and reliable platform operations in shallow water for wellhead joint production operations. (4) based on catenary theory, established between FPSO and STLP system optimization design criterion of flexible jumper length. Further, the establishment of ultra deep the production of oil and gas development system and water FPSO system based on STLP (including T-SSP, production equipment, mooring system, rigid flexible riser system, cross over system and FPSO) numerical model coupling, systematically studied effects of the irregular wave conditions of first-order wave motion and FPSO limit deviation on motion characteristics submersible platform; the results of the study show that, for ultra deepwater disaster elements of the marine environment, the STLP system has good adaptability. (5) according to the STLP system in the production process due to the potential With dangerous event oil spill risk, established the theoretical framework of STLP system. Based on the quantitative risk assessment of risk acceptance criteria of STLP system, identifying the potential hazardous events, and establish the overall risk model; accident database and expert evaluation based on the main risk probability and risk events for the system to calculate and analyze the consequences, and study the impact of quantitative risk assessment in the process of uncertainty; risk acceptance criteria is established based on the established STLP system of the level of risk, and puts forward the measures to reduce the recommended STLP system overall risk level. Quantitative risk assessment results show that only the underwater wellhead leakage environmental risk level located in ALARP (As Low As Reasonable Practicable, referred to as ALARP), other risk events of environmental risk level and economic risk level are to be The risk area is accepted to verify the security advantage of using the new STLP system to carry out the exploitation of the deep sea oil and gas resources.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U674.38

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