超疏水船用钢板表面制备及其抗海洋生物附着性能研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 20:30

本文选题：船用钢板 + 激光加工　；参考：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：舰船是人类开发和利用海洋的最重要的工具,其使用中遇到的最大的问题是不可避免地遭受海洋生物的附着。传统的抗附着涂料利用有毒重金属离子的释放来消除附着生物,严重地污染环境。仿生学研究发现,在海洋中生活的大多数生物依据其特殊的表面形貌能够抵制多种海洋生物的附着。“鲨鱼皮”效应打破了人们对于粗糙表面不具有抗附着性能的传统观点,为超疏水表面在抗附着领域的应用奠定了基础。该方式从生物抗附着的机理出发,不存在毒性物质的释放损耗问题,具有广谱性和高效性。本文以应用最为广泛的Q235A级船用钢板为研究对象,将激光加工与纳米粒子涂覆相结合,构筑仿生微纳双层结构制备超疏水表面。利用静态沉浸实验和动态冲刷实验测试其抗海洋生物附着性能,得到如下结果： 1.利用激光加工在Q235A级船用钢板表面构筑点阵,直线,网格3种微结构,并涂装防锈漆。利用正交实验研究不同稀释比例、喷涂距离及喷涂时间对防锈漆膜厚度的影响。结果显示,当喷涂距离为60mm,喷涂时间为3s,稀释比例为4：3时,漆膜厚度达到31μm。 2.相同间距下,网格试样接触角最大,其次是直线试样,点阵试样接触角最小。随着间距的逐渐增大,点阵试样的接触角逐渐减小,滚动角逐渐增大；但网格及直线试样接触角均先增大后减小,滚动角先减小后增大。间距为200μm的网格试样接触角可达156.2°,滚动角仅为3.55°。 3.将试样静置于实验室培养的小球藻藻液中进行静态沉浸实验,15天后取出试样,利用photoshop中的图层分色技术统计小球藻的附着面积。同样的间距,网格试样表面附着最少,其次是直线试样,点阵试样附着最多。试样表面疏水性能越强,附着量越小。 4.将试样固定在搅拌器上并放置于海水中以相当于船速10节的线速度旋转,测试试样表面小球藻的附着强度。结果表明,具有微结构表面小球藻的附着强度显著低于抛光表面。且随表面滚动角的减小,脱附比例增大。说明制备具有较小的滚动角的表面,有助于附着的小球藻脱附,提高表面的抗附着性能。本研究表明,符合Cassie模型的超疏水表面比符合Wenzel模型的超疏水表面具有更强的抗附着性能。本研究为舰船的抗海洋生物附着提供了新的方法和技术支持。
[Abstract]:Ship is the most important tool for human to develop and utilize the ocean.Traditional anti-adhesion coatings use the release of toxic heavy metal ions to eliminate attached organisms and seriously pollute the environment.Bionic studies show that most organisms living in the ocean can resist the adhesion of many marine organisms by their special surface morphology.The "shark skin" effect breaks the traditional view that the rough surface has no anti-adhesion property, and lays a foundation for the application of superhydrophobic surface in the field of anti-adhesion.Based on the mechanism of biological anti-adhesion, there is no problem of release loss of toxic substances in this way, so it has broad spectrum and high efficiency.In this paper, the widely used Q235A marine steel plate is used as the research object. The superhydrophobic surface is prepared by combining laser processing with nano-particles coating and bionic micro-nano bilayer structure.The static immersion experiment and the dynamic scour test were used to test the anti-marine adhesion performance. The results are as follows:1.The surface of Q235A marine steel plate was fabricated by laser processing with three kinds of microstructures, such as lattice, straight line and mesh, and the antirust paint was coated.The effects of different dilution ratio, spraying distance and spraying time on the thickness of antirust paint film were studied by orthogonal experiment.The results show that when the spraying distance is 60 mm, the spraying time is 3 s and the dilution ratio is 4:3, the film thickness reaches 31 渭 m.2.At the same distance, the contact angle of the grid sample is the largest, the linear sample is the next, and the contact angle of the lattice sample is the smallest.With the increasing of the distance, the contact angle and rolling angle of the lattice sample gradually decrease, but the contact angle of the mesh and straight sample increases first and then decreases, and the rolling angle decreases first and then increases.The contact angle of meshes with a spacing of 200 渭 m can reach 156.2 掳and the rolling angle is only 3.55 掳.3.The samples were statically placed in the liquid of Chlorella vulgaris cultured in laboratory for 15 days after static immersion experiment. The adhesion area of Chlorella vulgaris was calculated by using the chromatographic separation technique in photoshop.At the same distance, the surface attachment of the grid specimen is the least, followed by the linear sample and the lattice sample.The stronger the surface hydrophobicity, the smaller the adhesion.4.The specimen was fixed on the agitator and placed in sea water to rotate at a linear speed equal to 10 knots of the ship to test the adhesion strength of Chlorella microphylla on the surface of the sample.The results showed that the adhesion strength of Chlorella vulgaris on microstructured surfaces was significantly lower than that on polished surfaces.The desorption ratio increases with the decrease of surface rolling angle.The results show that the preparation of the surface with small rolling angle is helpful to desorption of the attached Chlorella sp., and the anti-adhesion property of the surface is improved.The results show that the superhydrophobic surface with Cassie model has stronger anti-adhesion performance than the superhydrophobic surface with Wenzel model.This study provides a new method and technical support for ship anti-marine adhesion.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U674.70;TG174.4

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