船舶柴油机推进轴系状态评价方法的研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 13:26

本文选题：船舶轴系 + 柴油机　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：船舶柴油机推进轴系不仅是轮机重要的组成部分,而且是船舶安全与正常航行的重要保障。随着船舶大型、高效、智慧方向发展,不仅螺旋桨的尺寸和质量明显地增加、船体结构变形明显地增大,使得轴系结构、功能、状态都在发生变化,从而倍受关注；而且受装载条件、航行区域海况、维护修理等使用因素的影响,有可能导致船舶柴油机推进轴系状态发生畸变、尾轴承过度磨损、甚至发生轴系疲劳断裂等严重机损事故,危及船舶安全与正常航行。因此,从全寿命周期的角度,有必要深入认识和掌握“柴油机—轴系—螺旋桨”构成的大型“往复—回转”动力系统服役性能与服役状态变化。本文基于试验模拟和分析计算相结合的研究方法,开展了基于传递矩阵理论的船舶轴系合理校中的理论计算方法与评价服役状态的反求计算方法的研究,建立了基于有限元方法的船舶轴系合理校中数值模拟的计算模型,利用ANSYS和MATLAB工具,分析并研究了118000DWT、1100000DWT、57300DWT三种典型船舶柴油机推进轴系设计安装状态下,轴系静态、热态、稳态时的线性和非线性校中理论计算与数值模拟计算的合理性,完善了船舶柴油机推进轴系设计安装状态的评价方法。结合船舶实际,集成“柴油机—轴系—螺旋桨”结构于一体,自主设计研发了船舶柴油机推进轴系试验台,并进行了船舶轴系合理校中计算、安装、调试。在此基础上,基于电涡流位移传感技术,在线实时采集原始位移信号,采用小波理论的小波包降噪与重构提纯方法,研究了各轴承处的轴心轨迹及其变化,进一步揭示了船舶柴油机推进轴系状态特征及其演变规律,建立了基于电涡流位移监测技术的船舶柴油机推进轴系状态评价方法(轴心轨迹法)。其次,基于无线遥测技术,在船舶柴油机推进轴系试验台上进行了在线实时的应变测试,计算了轴系弯矩、扭矩、轴承负荷,可反求计算出测试状态下的轴系力学状态特征参数(挠度、转角、弯矩、剪力),以及轴系动力状态特征参数(功率和转速),建立了基于无线遥测弯矩的船舶柴油机推进轴系状态评价方法(反求算法)。基于SRT传感技术,在船舶柴油机推进轴系试验台上进行了在线实时热电流与转速测试,利用IGOR PRO工具对原始信号进行频域离散化处理,根据能量守恒定律,计算了不同轴系状态下的基准系数,提出了由单一加载方式所得的基准系数对复合加载方式基准系数的量化表征方法,建立了基于SRT传感技术的船舶柴油机推进轴系状态评估方法(基准系数法),并验证了其合理性。本文基于船舶柴油机推进轴系状态监控技术,通过采集静态与动态多源信息,提取出船舶柴油机推进轴系的静力学和动力学状态特征参数,建立了包括设计状态、安装状态以及服役状态的船舶柴油机推进轴系全寿命周期评价方法,实现了船舶柴油机推进轴系状态的综合评价。
[Abstract]:Propulsion shafting of marine diesel engine is not only an important part of marine engine, but also an important guarantee of ship safety and normal navigation. With the development of large, efficient and intelligent ship, not only the size and quality of propeller are obviously increased, but also the deformation of hull structure is obviously increased, which makes the shafting structure, function and state all change, which has attracted much attention. Furthermore, due to the influence of loading conditions, sea conditions in navigation areas, maintenance and repair, etc., it may lead to serious mechanical damage accidents such as distortion of the propulsion shafting state of marine diesel engines, excessive wear of tail bearings, and even fatigue fracture of shafting. Endangering the safety and normal navigation of the ship. Therefore, from the point of view of the whole life cycle, it is necessary to deeply understand and master the service performance and service state change of the large reciprocating and rotating power system composed of "diesel engine, shafting and propeller". Based on the combination of experimental simulation and analytical calculation, this paper studies the theoretical calculation method of ship shafting reasonable alignment based on transfer matrix theory and the reverse calculation method of evaluating service state. The numerical simulation model of ship shafting alignment based on finite element method is established. Using ANSYS and MATLAB tools, three typical marine diesel engine propulsion shafting design and installation state, static and hot state, are analyzed and studied in the design and installation state of 118,000 DWT-11000DWT-57300DWT. The rationality of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation of linear and nonlinear alignment in steady state improves the evaluation method of the design and installation of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting. Combined with the actual situation of the ship and integrating the structure of "diesel engine shafting propeller", a marine diesel engine propulsion shafting test bed was designed and developed, and the reasonable alignment calculation, installation and debugging of the ship shaft system were carried out. On this basis, based on the eddy current displacement sensing technology, the original displacement signals are collected in real time on line, and wavelet packet denoising and reconstruction methods are used to study the axis locus and its change of each bearing. The characteristics and evolution of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting are further revealed, and an evaluation method of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting based on Eddy current displacement monitoring technique is established. Secondly, based on the wireless telemetry technology, the on-line real-time strain test was carried out on the marine diesel engine propulsion shafting test rig, and the bending moment, torque and bearing load of the shaft system were calculated. The characteristic parameters of shafting mechanical state (deflection, rotation angle, bending moment) can be calculated in reverse. In this paper, a new method for evaluating propulsion shafting state of marine diesel engine based on wireless telemetry of bending moment is established, and the characteristic parameters of shafting dynamic state (power and rotational speed) are also discussed. Based on the SRT sensing technology, the on-line real-time thermal current and rotational speed measurements were carried out on the marine diesel engine propulsion shafting test rig. The original signals were discretized in frequency domain by using the IGOR PRO tool, and according to the law of conservation of energy, the original signals were discretized in frequency domain. The reference coefficients in different shafting states are calculated, and the quantization representation method of the reference coefficients obtained from the single loading mode to the reference coefficients of the composite loading mode is proposed. A method for evaluating the state of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting based on SRT sensing technology is established, and the rationality of the method is verified. Based on the monitoring technology of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting, the static and dynamic state characteristic parameters of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting are extracted by collecting static and dynamic multi-source information, and the design state is established. The life cycle evaluation method of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting in installation state and service state is presented to realize the comprehensive evaluation of marine diesel engine propulsion shafting state.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U664.121

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