铺层参数对碳纤维船用螺旋桨性能影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 03:17

本文选题：碳纤维复合材料 + 螺旋桨　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统的金属螺旋桨大多使用镍铝青铜合金（NAB）等材料生产而成，这类材料质量大、振动大、噪音大，造成由其所制成的螺旋桨有诸多弊端。而随着国家的发展，社会对螺旋桨的性能要求越来越高造，尤其是军用螺旋桨，其工作环境更复杂且隐身性能要求高。碳纤维复合材料因其比强度大、比刚度大、固有频率高、阻尼大等优越的静动态特性，成为了当今船用螺旋桨新型的制作材料。由碳纤维复合材料制成的船用螺旋桨不仅可以大幅减轻其质量，还具有强度高、耐腐蚀、抗冲击、易维修、声阻尼性能好以及低振动低噪音等诸多优点。本文对碳纤维复合材料船用螺旋桨进行了基本的设计与性能评估，并对其铺层参数的优化设计做了一定的探讨。本文运用复合材料的经典力学理论，分析得出铺层参数对复合材料螺旋桨的力学性能及弯扭耦合效应都有着显著的影响，可通过对铺层参数的设计，优化碳纤维船用螺旋桨的性能，即复合材料的可设计性。另外，本文将碳纤维螺旋桨的桨叶近似等效看成桨毂端固定的悬臂梁，并基于梁单元理论，推导出螺旋桨桨叶弯扭耦合控制系数的表达式，，并分析出影响耦合控制系数的各项因素。本文根据某金属船用螺旋桨的型值对碳纤维船用螺旋桨进行了结构建模，并对桨毂端强度进行了校核。其次，在设计工况下，在Fluent流体分析软件建立了螺旋桨的压力分析模型，并对实际工作时桨叶所受的载荷进行了分析计算。然后，将该工作载荷导入到Ansys有限元分析软件中，作为桨叶的压力载荷，运用Ansys有限元仿真，得出不同铺层参数下碳纤维螺旋桨桨叶的最大变形以及Tsai-Wu失效指数，探讨了铺层参数对螺旋桨强度性能的影响规律。之后，又在Ansys有限元分析软件中对不同铺层参数的碳纤维螺旋桨的前三阶固有频率和对应的振型进行了仿真分析，探讨了铺层参数对螺旋桨动力学性能的影响规律。分析结果表明：铺层角度的不同对螺旋桨的各项性能的影响最为显著，随着纤维铺层角度的增大，碳纤维螺旋桨的强度性能有显著的提高，而其固有频率随着铺层角度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势，在45°达到最大，尤其是±45°角交替铺层时，这种改变最为明显，铺层设计时应适当增加±45°的铺层；相同的铺层厚度改变对螺旋桨的强度与动力学性能基本没有影响，而铺层厚度比例的改变才会对其性能有一定层度的影响，当较优的铺层角度连续铺层不超过4层时，其各项性能达到最优；其他铺层参数一样的时候，对称铺层方式的螺旋桨比循环铺层方式的螺旋桨性能更优一些。除此之外，桨叶表面的纤维铺层角度为90°，且将较大角度的纤维铺层铺放在远离中间层，±45°纤维铺层铺放在靠近中间层时，碳纤维螺旋桨的性能最优。
[Abstract]:The traditional metal propeller is mostly produced from the materials such as nickel aluminum bronze alloy NAB and so on. This kind of material has many disadvantages such as high quality, large vibration and great noise, resulting in many disadvantages of the propeller made by it. With the development of the country, the society demands more and more high performance of the propeller, especially the military propeller, its working environment is more complex and the stealth performance is higher. Carbon fiber composite (CFRP) has become a new type of marine propeller material because of its high specific strength, high specific stiffness, high natural frequency and high damping. The marine propeller made of carbon fiber composites not only can greatly reduce its quality, but also has many advantages, such as high strength, corrosion resistance, impact resistance, easy maintenance, good acoustic damping performance and low vibration and low noise. In this paper, the basic design and performance evaluation of carbon fiber composite propeller for marine use are carried out, and the optimization design of its layer parameters is discussed. In this paper, the classical mechanics theory of composite material is used to analyze the influence of laminating parameters on the mechanical properties and bending and torsional coupling effects of composite propeller. Optimize the performance of carbon fiber marine propeller, that is, the design of composite material. In addition, the approximate equivalent of carbon fiber propeller blades is regarded as a cantilever beam fixed at the hub of the propeller. Based on the beam element theory, the expression of the coupled control coefficient of bending and torsion of propeller blades is derived. The factors influencing the coupling control coefficient are analyzed. In this paper, the structural model of carbon fiber marine propeller is established according to the type value of a metal marine propeller, and the strength of the propeller hub is checked. Secondly, under the design condition, the pressure analysis model of the propeller is established by Fluent fluid analysis software, and the load on the blade is analyzed and calculated. Then, the working load is introduced into the Ansys finite element analysis software. As the pressure load of the blade, the maximum deformation of the carbon fiber propeller blade and the Tsai-Wu failure index under different layer parameters are obtained by using the Ansys finite element simulation. The influence of layer parameters on the strength performance of propeller is discussed. After that, the first three natural frequencies and corresponding modes of carbon fiber propeller with different layering parameters are simulated and analyzed in Ansys software, and the influence of layer parameters on propeller dynamics is discussed. The results show that the influence of different laying angles on the performance of propeller is the most significant. With the increase of fiber layer angle, the strength performance of carbon fiber propeller is improved significantly. The natural frequency increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of laying angle. The change is most obvious at 45 掳, especially when 卤45 掳angle is alternately laid, and it should be appropriately increased 卤45 掳in layering design. The change of the same layer thickness has no effect on the strength and dynamic performance of the propeller, but the change of the ratio of the layer thickness will have a certain influence on the performance of the propeller. When the optimum angle of layering is not more than 4 layers, When the other layer parameters are the same, the propeller with symmetrical layer is better than the propeller with cyclic layer. In addition, the fiber layer angle on the blade surface is 90 掳, and the fiber layer with larger angle is located far from the middle layer, and the carbon fiber propeller has the best performance when 卤45 掳fiber layer is placed near the middle layer.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U664.33

【参考文献】