船舶防火监控系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-06-17 23:09

本文选题：船舶火灾 + 监控　；参考：《江苏大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：船舶火灾是船舶在航运过程中时有发生且危险性大的安全事故。火灾发生时,难以得到外援,只能依靠船员和船上的灭火设备,扑灭难度远大于陆地火灾。因此,及早发现火警并及时采取扑救措施就显得十分重要。鉴于船舶火灾的复杂性及特殊性,有关船舶火灾的成因、早期预警、检测、报警和联动灭火等一直是国内外船舶制造业、科研院所重点关注的热点课题。论文在对船舶火灾特点及国内外火灾报警系统现状和发展趋势深入研究的基础上,提出了基于CAN总线的船舶防火监控系统,系统由上、下位计算机组成,由CAN总线通讯模块实现相互通讯,监控对象被分成普通舱室、电池舱室和通风管道。下位机由单片机采集温度、烟雾浓度、氢气浓度、风闸位置状态通过CAN总线发送给上位机,上位机处理判断,如果发生火警,则进行报警、关闭相应的风闸并进行喷淋灭火。具体研究成果如下:1.研究了船舶火灾的特点、危害、成因、预防和监控措施的基础上,重点分析了国内外火灾探测技术和火灾报警控制技术的研究现状和发展趋势,明确了本课题研究目的、意义和研究内容。给出了基于CAN总线的船舶防火监控系统设计方案。2.选用Silicon Labs公司的C8051F330作为控制器芯片,MCP2515作为CAN独立控制器。设计了温度、烟雾浓度、氢气浓度、风闸状态、报警、通讯和电源电路,设计了PCB板并采用了抗干扰措施。3.在深入研究CAN协议的基础上,制定了CAN总线的报文格式,编制了温度、烟雾浓度、氢气浓度、风闸状态数据采集与处理程序以及通信与报警、自动灭火控制程序。在学习研究LabVIEW软件开发平台的基础上,编写了上位机与下位机间通信程序和船舶火灾监控系统的界面。4.采用CAN总线分析测试仪CANalyst对下位机CAN总线节点的数据收发进行了测试,通过Modbus RTU调试工具对下位机的单片机程序进行了测试,测试了下位机通过CAN总线和上位机进行的Modbus RTU模式通信。通过模拟火灾环境,测试子节点的信号采集和处理功能。测试结果表明系统工作稳定有效,抗干扰性能强,维护方便,验证了论文所提出的监控系统满足任务的要求。论文提出的船舶火灾监控系统已具雏形,进一步的工作是将其产品化,实际应用到船舶中去,以提高我国船舶消防技术的综合实力。
[Abstract]:Ship fire is a kind of safety accident which occurs frequently and is dangerous in the course of shipping. When the fire occurs, it is difficult to get foreign aid, and can only rely on the crew and the fire extinguishing equipment on board, which is much more difficult than the land fire. Therefore, early detection of fire and timely measures to combat it is very important. In view of the complexity and particularity of ship fire, the causes of ship fire, early warning, detection, alarm and linkage fire extinguishing have always been the hot topics of shipbuilding industry and scientific research institutes at home and abroad. Based on the deep research on the characteristics of ship fire and the present situation and development trend of fire alarm system at home and abroad, a ship fire prevention and control system based on can bus is proposed in this paper. The system is composed of upper and lower computers. The can bus communication module is used to communicate with each other, and the monitoring objects are divided into common compartment, battery compartment and ventilation duct. The lower computer collects the temperature, smoke concentration, hydrogen concentration and the position state of the air gate through can bus to the upper computer. The upper computer processes and judges the fire alarm, closes the corresponding wind lock and sprinkles the fire extinguishing. Specific research results are as follows: 1. Based on the study of the characteristics, hazards, causes, prevention and monitoring measures of ship fire, the research status and development trend of fire detection technology and fire alarm control technology at home and abroad are emphatically analyzed, and the purpose of this research is clarified. Meaning and research content. The design scheme of ship anti-fire monitoring system based on can bus is given. Silicon Labs C8051F330 is chosen as controller chip MCP2515 as can independent controller. Temperature, smoke concentration, hydrogen concentration, air gate state, alarm, communication and power circuit are designed, PCB board is designed and anti-jamming measures are adopted. Based on the research of can protocol, the message format of can bus is established, and the program of temperature, smoke concentration, hydrogen concentration, air gate state data acquisition and processing, communication and alarm, automatic fire extinguishing control program are worked out. Based on the study of LabVIEW software development platform, the communication program between upper computer and lower computer and the interface of ship fire monitoring system. The can bus analyzer CANalyst is used to test the data transceiver of the can bus node of the lower computer, and the MCU program of the lower computer is tested by Modbus RTU debugging tool. The Modbus RTU mode communication between the lower computer and the host computer through can bus is tested. The signal acquisition and processing function of the sub-nodes is tested by simulating the fire environment. The test results show that the system works stably and effectively, has strong anti-interference performance, and is easy to maintain, and verifies that the monitoring system proposed in this paper meets the requirements of the task. The ship fire monitoring system put forward in this paper has already had its embryonic form. The further work is to turn it into a product and apply it to the ship in order to improve the comprehensive strength of the ship fire fighting technology in our country.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U664.88

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