深海载人潜水器球壳及观察窗力学行为的有限元分析

发布时间：2018-06-18 10:04

本文选题：深海潜水器 + 观察窗　；参考：《内蒙古工业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：大海覆盖着地球71%的表面积,地球大量的资源都储藏在海底。随着陆地资源的日益枯竭,人们开始向海洋进军,开发和利用海底资源,能够很好的缓和人口日益增长与资源日益缺乏所产生的矛盾,保证我国的国民经济健康的发展。利用海洋资源需要研发先进的海洋探测设备,能够在海底探测更长的时间,潜入更深,在海底能够完成各种高难度的作业。因此,要设计出更先进的深海载人潜水器需要许多先进材料、先进工艺和先进技术。然而最重要的是,深海载人潜水器在海底顺利完成科研任务条件是整个设备具有非常高的安全可靠性。其中,开口结构是影响深海载人潜水器密封性和结构强度的重要因素之一。主要的大的开口结构分为两种:一种是供科研人员进出的水密门,一种是观测用的观察窗。深潜器观察窗的材料为有机玻璃PMMA,窗座是由钛合金制成的。本文的主要研究对象是在高压作用下,观察窗应力、轴向位移、有机玻璃的变形规律、接触压应力、摩擦应力和蠕变,以及对载人部分做了模态分析,保证观察窗结构在工作过程中的安全可靠。以深海载人潜水器重要开口结构之一的主观察窗做为研究对象,基于弹塑性的理论,研究施加静态载荷时,有机玻璃的变形情况及其特点。利用有限元软件,对观察窗进行模拟,探讨相同摩擦系数、不同压力下,接触面上各点的轴向位移、对称轴上各点的轴向位移随有机玻璃轴向深度的增加的变化趋势。从而得出观察窗有机玻璃的变形规律。对接触面上的摩擦系数进行分段设置,经过对比,选择合适的建模方式,然后设置不同摩擦系数,研究不同摩擦系数对力学性能的影响。考虑到深潜器观察窗使用的材料为有机玻璃,其性能不同于金属材料。在海水的高压作用下随着时间的推移,会产生蠕变变形,这种变形与外载荷大小、受压时间、材料本身的特性等因素有关。本文初步探讨了蠕变对观察窗的影响,并进行了有限元模拟,得出结果与文献中的实验数据做对比,几乎完全吻合,也验证了有限元软件在分析有机玻璃的蠕变的可行性。在海底进行科研工作时,发动机会产生振动,其频率可能会引起整个潜水器的共振,引起耐压球壳及观察窗的变形,破坏其密封性,存在严重的安全隐患,利用有限元软件对其进行模态分析,得出固有频率,从而使发动机工作频率避开这几个固有频率,提高了深海潜水器的安全可靠性。本文分析深海潜水器载人部分所得到的结论以及所使用的有限元方法对以后深潜器的设计具有一定的参考意义。
[Abstract]:The sea covers the surface area of 71% of the earth, and a large amount of the earth's resources are stored on the sea floor. As the land resources become increasingly exhausted, people begin to march into the ocean, develop and utilize the resources of the sea, which can well ease the contradiction between the growing population and the increasing lack of resources, and ensure the healthy development of our national economy. Ocean resources need to develop advanced marine exploration equipment that can be detected for longer time, deeper into the sea, and a variety of difficult operations on the seabed. Therefore, the design of a more advanced deep-sea manned submersible requires a lot of advanced materials, advanced technology and advanced technology. The whole equipment has very high safety and reliability. The opening structure is one of the important factors that affect the sealing and structural strength of the deep-sea manned submersible. The main large opening structures are divided into two kinds: one is the watertight door for scientific research personnel, the other is the observation window. The material of the observation window is PMMA of organic glass and the window seat is made of titanium alloy. The main object of this paper is to observe the stress of the window, the axial displacement, the deformation law of the organic glass, the contact pressure stress, the friction stress and creep, and the modal analysis of the manned part under the action of high pressure. Safety and reliability. Taking the subjective window of one of the important opening structures of deep-sea manned submersible as the research object, based on the theory of elastoplastic, the deformation and characteristics of the plexiglass are studied when the static load is applied. By using the finite element software, the observation window is simulated to discuss the phase of the friction coefficient, the different pressure and the points on the contact surface. The axial displacement, the axial displacement of each point on the symmetrical axis is changed with the increase of the axial depth of the organic glass. Thus the deformation law of the observed window organic glass is obtained. The friction coefficient on the butt contact surface is set in segments, and the suitable modeling method is selected after comparison, and then different friction coefficients are set up to study the force of different friction coefficients. Considering that the material used in the observation window of the deep submersible is organic glass, its performance is different from that of the metal material. Under the high pressure of the sea water, the creep deformation will occur with the passage of time. This deformation is related to the external load, the compression time, the properties of the material and so on. This paper preliminarily discusses the creep to the observation window. The results are compared with the experimental data in the literature, and the results are almost identical. It also proves the feasibility of the finite element software in the analysis of the creep of the plexiglass. The engine will vibrate at the bottom of the sea, and the frequency may cause the resonance of the whole submersible and cause the pressure resistant spherical shell. And the deformation of the observation window, destroy its seal, there is a serious safety hidden danger, using the finite element software to carry on the modal analysis, get the natural frequency, so that the engine frequency avoids these natural frequencies, and improves the safety and reliability of the deep-sea submersible. This paper analyzes the conclusion of the manned part of the deep-sea submersible and the conclusion of the deep sea submersible. The finite element method used has some reference significance for the design of future deep submersible.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U674.941

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