船体外板在船舶搁浅与碰撞中的变形机理研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 06:49

【摘要】：船舶在航行的过程中,由于人为的操作失误或恶劣航行环境的影响,可能发生搁浅或碰撞事故。船舶搁浅时,如果触碰到较为坚硬锋利的礁石,船底板会面临被撕裂的风险;船侧结构若遭受带球鼻艏船的艏撞,存在着破损的风险。船底板搁浅而撕裂与船侧板受侧撞而破损均是非常危险的状态,可能降低船体梁结构的强度而导致危险,也可能导致原油泄漏,造成人员伤亡、经济损失或巨大的生态灾难。开展船舶搁浅与碰撞的研究,能为船舶结构的耐撞性设计提供理论依据,且有利于危险搁浅碰撞场景下的快速风险评估。研究船舶搁浅与碰撞一般采用的方法有经验公式法、实验法、有限元数值仿真法以及简化解析分析法等。其中,简化解析分析法能对结构变形失效的内在机理进行剖析,且拥有计算量小、精度较高、适用范围广等优点,因此被广泛的应用于船舶碰撞与搁浅的研究当中。本文选取了船底板搁浅于锥形礁石以及船侧外板受球鼻艏撞击这两个危险的搁浅碰撞场景,具体研究了这两个场景下船体外板的结构变形响应,研究内容主要分为两大部分。第一部分研究搁浅场景中船底板撕裂的变形机理,提出了一个新的针对圆锥形剖面礁石搁浅场景下板材撕裂机理的解析计算模型,得到了稳定状态下板材撕裂力的解析解。第二部分研究重点关注船侧外板受球鼻艏结构撞击的场景,提出了一个新的船侧方板受椭球形撞击物撞击的解析计算模型,得到了方板所受的撞击力随撞头撞深变化的解析解。通过与已有的实验数据以及一系列搁浅碰撞场景的数值仿真计算数据的对比分析,所提出的解析计算模型得到了验证。本文的研究关注船舶碰撞与搁浅场景中两个比较典型的危险场景,研究成果对船舶耐撞性结构设计、结构的耐撞性能评估以及危险搁浅碰撞场景下的风险评估具有一定的参考意义。
[Abstract]:A ship may run aground or collide in the course of navigation due to human error or bad navigation environment. When the ship runs aground, if it touches the keener reef, the bottom of the ship will face the risk of being torn; if the side structure is hit by the bow of the bow with the ball nose, there is a risk of breakage. It is a very dangerous state that the bottom of the ship is stranded and torn and the side of the ship is damaged by side collision, which may reduce the strength of the hull girder structure and lead to danger, and may also lead to the leakage of crude oil, resulting in casualties, economic losses or huge ecological disasters. The research of ship grounding and collision can provide a theoretical basis for the design of collision resistance of ship structure and be helpful to the rapid risk assessment in the scenario of dangerous grounding collision. The methods used to study ship grounding and collision are empirical formula method, experimental method, finite element numerical simulation method and simplified analytical method. Among them, simplified analytic method can analyze the internal mechanism of structural deformation failure, and has the advantages of small calculation, high accuracy and wide range of application, so it is widely used in the research of ship collision and grounding. In this paper, the two dangerous collision scenarios of the bottom plate stranded on the conical reef and the side outer plate hit by the bulbous bow are selected, and the structural deformation response of the external plate under these two scenarios is studied in detail. The research contents are divided into two parts. In the first part, the deformation mechanism of ship bottom tearing in the grounding scene is studied, and a new analytical calculation model for the plate tearing mechanism under the conical profile reef grounding scene is proposed, and the analytical solution of the plate tearing force under the steady state is obtained. In the second part, we focus on the impact of the bulbous bow structure on the outer plate of the ship, and propose a new analytical calculation model for the impact of the side plate by the ellipsoid impingement, and obtain the analytical solution of the impact force on the side of the ship with the impact depth of the head. The proposed analytical model is verified by comparing and analyzing the existing experimental data and the numerical simulation data of a series of stranded collision scenes. This paper focuses on two typical dangerous scenarios of ship collision and grounding, and the research results are used to design ship crashworthiness structure. The crashworthiness evaluation of the structure and the risk assessment of the dangerous grounding impact scenario have certain reference significance.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U661.4

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