高纬度海域ECDIS相关问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 16:53

【摘要】：电子海图显示与信息系统(ECDIS)是能够让驾驶员查看电子海图(ENC)的重要船舶导航设备。电子海图现在为地理信息系统(GIS)工具提供了支持。由于全球气候变暖导致极地地区冰况变化,通过冰区的航线成为了兴趣。在极地地区的航行是一项艰难的尝试。由于恶劣的天气和较厚的冰块,以前似乎是不可能的事情,现在变得可能。如此将会增加该地区港口的运输量。然而,在这些水域航行现在面临新的挑战,那就是需要提出新的解决方案以保证船员和船舶的安全。ECDIS在高纬度海域使用受限。第一个是投影问题。尽管有较大的扭曲,墨卡托投影仍是电子海图唯一的投影方式。ECDIS在极地地区海图投影的使用缺乏国际标准规定,导致需要选择一更适合这地区的电子海图投影方式。另一个限制是缺乏对不同冰体的描述。冰,它一直被认为具有影响极地航行最危险的特征,国际海事组织(IMO)或国际海道测量组织(IHO)都没有对其详细描述和规范。这表明电子海图中冰体的显示亟待规范。本研究的目的是：首先介绍墨卡托投影的电子海图在高纬度海域中使用现状和不足之处,并推荐一种更有效的海图投影来代替。使用ECDIS环境评估和比较不同的海图投影方式。比较失真数据,然后通过使用GIS选择海域详细构建海图画面。本研究的另一目的是推荐ECDIS中冰体颜色显示,然后使用GIS推荐的颜色描述冰体。推荐的海图投影方式有助于减少许多扭曲现象,使驾驶员在极地海域更加方便和容易地标绘船舶的位置。此外,对不同的冰体用相应的颜色描述,ECDIS对探测的冰体的识别能力越来越强,不同的冰体根据自身的特征采用不同的颜色描述。驾驶员便可在设计安全航线之前利用很短时间获取该海域冰况。该研究将来在制定ECDIS的规范和官方标准中具有重要价值。
[Abstract]:Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) is an important ship navigation equipment that enables the pilot to view the electronic chart (ENC). Electronic charts now support GIS (GIS) tools. As global warming leads to changes in ice conditions in the polar regions, routes through the ice regions become of interest. Sailing in the polar regions was a difficult attempt. Because of bad weather and thicker ice cubes, what used to be impossible is now possible. This will increase port traffic in the region. However, navigation in these waters now faces new challenges, namely, the need to propose new solutions to ensure the safety of crew and ships. ECDIS is restricted in use in high latitudes. The first is the projection problem. In spite of the large distortion, Mercator projection is still the only projection method for electronic charts. The lack of international standard for the use of ECDIS in polar chart projection results in the need to choose a more suitable electronic chart projection mode for this region. Another limitation is the lack of descriptions of different ice bodies. Ice, which has been considered to have the most dangerous characteristics of affecting polar navigation, has not been described and regulated in detail by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) or the International Hydrographic Survey Organization (IHO). This indicates that the display of ice body in electronic chart needs to be standardized. The purpose of this study is to first introduce the current situation and shortcomings of the electronic chart of Mercator projection in high latitudes and recommend a more effective chart projection instead. Use ECDIS environment to evaluate and compare different chart projection methods. Compare the distorted data and then use GIS to select the sea area to construct the chart picture in detail. Another purpose of this study is to recommend ice color display in ECDIS and then describe ice body with GIS color. The proposed chart projection method can help to reduce many distortions and make it more convenient and easy for the pilot to map the position of the ship in the polar waters. In addition, different ice bodies are described with corresponding colors, and ECDIS is more and more capable of recognizing the detected ice bodies. Different ice bodies use different color descriptions according to their own characteristics. The pilot can use a short period of time to obtain ice conditions in the area before designing a safe route. This study will be of great value in the formulation of ECDIS specifications and official standards.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U675.81

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