X波段船舶导航雷达收发机的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-10-15 18:52
【摘要】：航海货运是现代货运交通的一个重要渠道,由于其运输量大、运费低廉以及对货物适应性较强等独有特点,近年来发展十分迅猛。导航雷达是船舶安全航行,避让,定位,狭水道引航及夜间行驶不可或缺的设备。国外雷达技术研究起步较早,船舶导航雷达研制技术颇为成熟。然而,国内民用船舶雷达的研制过程中仍存在技术欠缺,雷达分辨率低、探测能力弱,效率低等不足。 针对上述问题,本文主要研究和设计X波段船舶导航雷达发射机和接收机,实现射频信号大功率发射和高灵敏度、大动态范围的射频接收。结合本课题中船舶导航雷达的总体技术(性能)指标,提出了雷达收发机整体方案,并作可行性论证。本文主要阐述船舶导航雷达发射分机、接收分机的方案设计与工程实践,涉及雷达收发分机的几项关键技术：第一,对脉冲高压产生技术和磁控管馈电方式进行研究,设计了发射分机中脉冲高压调制板；第二,对雷达高灵敏度和大动态范围接收技术进行探索和分析,成功研制大动态范围中频数字化模块,对接收前端中低噪声放大器进行原理图-版图联合仿真的预研工作；第三,本文对收发分机的测试技术进行探讨,提出本雷达收发分机的测试方法,给出了各分机的测试结果。 本文对收发分机中电磁兼容问题进行了分析,对电路板的布局和设计进行合理设计,给出了船舶导航雷达原理性样机的内场和外场的实验结果。本文科学地分析了船舶导航雷达整机联调联试工作中遇到的问题和困难。目前陆上探测距离最大约为27KM,实现了雷达收发分机的基本功能。文末总结和归纳了在船舶导航雷达样机研制过程中的经验和本项目研究存在的不足之处。最后,对下一步工作重点、船舶导航雷达的发展前景和趋势进行展望。
[Abstract]:Maritime freight is an important channel of modern freight transportation. Due to its unique characteristics such as large volume, low freight and strong adaptability to cargo, it has developed rapidly in recent years. Navigation radar is an indispensable equipment for safe navigation, avoidance, positioning, pilotage of narrow waterways and night driving. The research of radar technology in foreign countries started early, and the research technology of ship navigation radar is quite mature. However, there are still some shortcomings in the development of civil ship radar in China, such as low resolution, weak detection ability and low efficiency. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly studies and designs the X band ship navigation radar transmitter and receiver, and realizes the RF signal high power transmission and high sensitivity, large dynamic range RF receiver. Combined with the overall technical (performance) index of ship navigation radar in this paper, the overall scheme of radar transceiver is put forward, and the feasibility is demonstrated. This paper mainly describes the scheme design and engineering practice of marine navigation radar transmitter extension and receiver extension. It involves several key technologies of radar transceiver: first, the pulse high-voltage generation technology and magnetron feed mode are studied. The pulse high voltage modulating board in the transmitter extension is designed. Secondly, the radar high sensitivity and large dynamic range receiving technology are explored and analyzed, and the large dynamic range if digital module is successfully developed. In this paper, the principle and layout of the low-noise amplifier in the receiver front-end is studied. Thirdly, the test technology of the transceiver is discussed, the test method of the transceiver is put forward, and the test results of each branch are given. In this paper, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility in transceiver extension is analyzed, the layout and design of the circuit board are designed reasonably, and the experimental results of the internal and external fields of the ship navigation radar principle prototype are given. In this paper, the problems and difficulties encountered in the joint test of ship navigation radar are analyzed. At present, the maximum detection range on land is about 27 km, which realizes the basic function of radar transceiver. At the end of this paper, the experience in the development of ship navigation radar prototype and the shortcomings of this project are summarized and summarized. Finally, the future development and trend of ship navigation radar are prospected.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U665.23
本文编号：2273505
[Abstract]:Maritime freight is an important channel of modern freight transportation. Due to its unique characteristics such as large volume, low freight and strong adaptability to cargo, it has developed rapidly in recent years. Navigation radar is an indispensable equipment for safe navigation, avoidance, positioning, pilotage of narrow waterways and night driving. The research of radar technology in foreign countries started early, and the research technology of ship navigation radar is quite mature. However, there are still some shortcomings in the development of civil ship radar in China, such as low resolution, weak detection ability and low efficiency. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly studies and designs the X band ship navigation radar transmitter and receiver, and realizes the RF signal high power transmission and high sensitivity, large dynamic range RF receiver. Combined with the overall technical (performance) index of ship navigation radar in this paper, the overall scheme of radar transceiver is put forward, and the feasibility is demonstrated. This paper mainly describes the scheme design and engineering practice of marine navigation radar transmitter extension and receiver extension. It involves several key technologies of radar transceiver: first, the pulse high-voltage generation technology and magnetron feed mode are studied. The pulse high voltage modulating board in the transmitter extension is designed. Secondly, the radar high sensitivity and large dynamic range receiving technology are explored and analyzed, and the large dynamic range if digital module is successfully developed. In this paper, the principle and layout of the low-noise amplifier in the receiver front-end is studied. Thirdly, the test technology of the transceiver is discussed, the test method of the transceiver is put forward, and the test results of each branch are given. In this paper, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility in transceiver extension is analyzed, the layout and design of the circuit board are designed reasonably, and the experimental results of the internal and external fields of the ship navigation radar principle prototype are given. In this paper, the problems and difficulties encountered in the joint test of ship navigation radar are analyzed. At present, the maximum detection range on land is about 27 km, which realizes the basic function of radar transceiver. At the end of this paper, the experience in the development of ship navigation radar prototype and the shortcomings of this project are summarized and summarized. Finally, the future development and trend of ship navigation radar are prospected.
【学位授予单位】：南京信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U665.23
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