海面遇险目标搜寻用成像系统的设计

发布时间：2018-10-19 17:08

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国海上运输业和旅游业的迅速发展,海上遇险事故频频发生,导致了巨大的财产损失和人员伤亡。海上遇险事故大多发生在夜晚或者大雾天等恶劣天气下,当救助直升机对遇险目标进行搜寻时,大多还是依靠人眼或者望远镜等比较原始的搜寻手段,不仅费时费力,而且效率极低。为了解决这个问题,人们将雷达探测技术、微光夜视技术、可见光成像技术、红外成像技术等相继应用到搜寻中。相比之下,红外成像技术最适用于全天候的海面搜寻,可见光成像技术比较适用于白天天气较好情况下的海面搜寻,但是,单一波段图像的可用信息较少,致使目标识别率不高,而随着现代信息融合技术的迅猛发展,将中波红外、长波红外和可见光多个波段信息集合到一起来进行海面遇险目标搜寻已成为比较实用的方法。本课题源于交通运输部建设科技项目“恶劣海况下直升机救助能力提升关键技术与示范”,目的是为了研制一套远距离、多波段、高分辨率的机载成像系统,该系统在紧急状况下能够在最快时间内搜寻到遇险目标,且具备全天候工作的能力。为了完成该系统的设计,本文完成了以下工作：首先,根据项目任务书提出的参数要求对中波和长波红外系统进行了设计并完成了相应的系统搭建,同时完成了可见光相机的选型,再将三个系统集成在光学稳定平台之中,并对这个整体硬件平台的稳定性进行了测试；其次,对中波红外成像系统和长波红外成像系统中图像的盲元像点和图像的非均匀性产生的机理进行了分析,而后提出了比较合适的解决方案并在以上硬件系统中进行了实验验证；再次,为了项目的实际需求我们自主研制了一套集成的软件系统,它可以同时配置连接中波红外、长波红外和可见光相机,并采集、处理、显示和存储相应的图像,而且可以保证系统的实时性和稳定性。通过外场实验对系统的软硬件设计的有效性和可靠性进行了测试验证,实验结果表明系统的硬件指标满足设计要求,软件系统运行平稳可靠。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of China's maritime transportation and tourism, maritime distress accidents occur frequently, resulting in huge property losses and casualties. Most maritime distress accidents occur in bad weather at night or in heavy fog. When rescue helicopters search for targets in distress, most of them rely on relatively primitive search methods such as human eyes or telescopes, which are not only time-consuming and laborious. And very inefficient. In order to solve this problem, radar detection technology, LLL night vision technology, visible light imaging technology, infrared imaging technology and so on have been applied to search. In contrast, infrared imaging technology is the most suitable for all-weather sea surface search, and visible light imaging technology is more suitable for sea surface search in better daytime weather, but the information available for single-band images is less. With the rapid development of modern information fusion technology, it has become a practical method to gather the multi-band information of medium-wave infrared, long-wave infrared and visible light to search the target in distress at sea level. This subject is derived from the Ministry of Transport's scientific and technological project "key techniques and demonstration of helicopter rescue capability enhancement under adverse sea conditions". The purpose of this project is to develop a long-range, multi-band, high-resolution airborne imaging system. The system is capable of finding distress targets at the fastest possible time in an emergency and has the ability to work around the clock. In order to complete the design of the system, this paper has completed the following work: firstly, according to the requirements of the parameters proposed in the project document, the medium-wave and long-wave infrared systems have been designed and the corresponding system has been built. At the same time, the selection of visible light camera is completed, and then the three systems are integrated into the optical stability platform, and the stability of the whole hardware platform is tested. Secondly, In this paper, the mechanism of image inhomogeneity and blind pixel in medium wave infrared imaging system and long wave infrared imaging system are analyzed, and a more suitable solution is put forward and verified by experiments in the above hardware system. Thirdly, in order to meet the actual requirements of the project, we have developed an integrated software system, which can be configured to connect medium-wave infrared, long-wave infrared and visible light cameras, and collect, process, display and store corresponding images. And it can guarantee the real-time and stability of the system. The validity and reliability of the software and hardware design of the system are tested and verified by the field experiment. The experimental results show that the hardware index of the system meets the design requirements and the software system runs smoothly and reliably.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U676.8;TP391.41

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