基于北斗的海上落水自动报警系统研究

发布时间：2018-11-17 10:09

【摘要】：我国海域面积辽阔,约为300万平方千米。随着我国的经济逐年稳步增长,对海洋资源的开发利用逐渐加大,投入到海洋工程、渔业、矿产资源的勘探与开发、海上空间资源等海洋事业的相关人员和资源逐渐增多。与此同时,受制于恶劣多变的海洋环境,各种海上落水遇险事件时常发生,严重威胁了海上作业人员的生命财产安全。对于海上人员落水事故,救援人员主要根据人员搜寻理论或漂流模型依靠肉眼寻找。随着科技的发展,出现了越来越多的海上救生装置,一定程度上解决了落水救援困难的问题,但仍存在功能单一或误报警率较高的问题。当海上突发落水事故时,及时、准确地发现并且对其定位是展开救援工作的前提。为了保障海上人员的生命安全,结合北斗和无线通信技术,设计了一种海上人员落水自动检测并报警求救的系统,当发生落水状况时,能及时、有效地检测到落水状态,并通过无线数据的传输将落水者的位置信息发送到本船或者附近船舶。该系统主要由求救终端和船载终端组成,求救终端的功能主要是用户落水状态的检测和落水后的报警呼救,船载终端接收求救终端发送的信号,并作落水判断。当检测到落水信号后,立刻报警通知相关人员有船员落水。首先,根据系统的功能对整个系统进行了硬件设计。求救终端硬件设计中,选用STM32系列单片机作为其控制单元,完成对其它芯片的控制和数据的处理。定位功能的实现依靠的是基带射频一体化的UC221北斗定位芯片,无线收发芯片n RF905完成终端间的通信。采用加速度传感器、压力传感器和结露传感器的联合工作,通过对加速度、压力以及湿度的检测确定佩戴者是否为落水状态。其中,加速度阈值通过多次试验获得,压力阈值是经过理论计算得到,湿度阈值则是根据结露传感器的特性曲线而定。考虑到求救终端总体功耗较小,采用+5V的锂电池为该终端供电。船载终端的电源模块与无线通信模块与求救终端相同,该终端通过串行接口RS-232C与上位机建立连接,利用n RF905芯片与用户建立通信并根据发来的数据作落水判断,当检测到数据为落水求救信息后立刻报警,及时提醒发生人员落水遇险状况并迅速展开救援。报警模块是通过蜂鸣器实现。硬件设计中,使用PROTEL DXP软件对各个芯片的电路原理图进行了设计,并在最后简单介绍了PCB的设计流程及元器件的布局原则。其次,对整个系统及系统中的北斗模块和无线射频模块进行了软件设计,并详细绘制了各模块的工作流程图。软件设计过程中,重点对n RF905芯片的收发过程、加速度传感器的数据采集以及压力传感器的数据采集进行了C语言的编制,对北斗解析过程也作了详细的说明。考虑到系统中求救终端的数量问题,选择了TMDA时分多址通信技术改善通信效率。最后,为验证系统的可行性和稳定性,分别展开了硬件调试、软件调试及软硬结合调试。调试的最后,对北斗定位的效果进行了解算分析,得到了10m的定位误差。经过测试表明,当发生人员落水情况,求救终端可迅速且有效地检测落水者的状态并自动发送落水求救信息,船载终端检测数据并判定为求救信号后立即报警,及时反应并展开搜救工作。该系统稳定可靠,落水检测正确率高,极大地降低了类似系统的误报警率,为海上工作者提供了有效的安全保障。
[Abstract]:China has a vast area of about 3 million square kilometers. With the growth of our country's economy year by year, the exploitation and utilization of marine resources has gradually increased, and the related personnel and resources invested in the exploration and development of ocean engineering, fishery and mineral resources and marine space resources have gradually increased. At the same time, it is subject to the severe and changeable marine environment, and various offshore water-falling distress events frequently occur, which is a serious threat to the safety of life and property of the personnel at sea. In the event of water falling in the sea, the rescue personnel mainly rely on the human eye to search for the theory of personnel search or the drift model. With the development of science and technology, more and more marine life-saving devices have emerged, some of which have solved the problem of the difficulty of rescue and rescue, but there are still problems of single function or high false alarm rate. In the event of a sudden water-falling accident at sea, it is the premise to find out and locate the rescue work in a timely and accurate way. in order to guarantee the life safety of the sea personnel, a system for automatically detecting and alarming the water falling into the water of the sea is designed in combination with the Beidou and the wireless communication technology, and transmits the position information of the water-falling person to the ship or a nearby ship through the transmission of the wireless data. The system is mainly composed of a distress terminal and a carrier terminal, the function of the distress terminal is mainly the detection of the water falling state of the user and the alarm for help after falling into the water, and the ship loading terminal receives the signal sent by the distress terminal and judges the water falling. When the water falling signal is detected, the alarm shall be given immediately to the relevant personnel to fall into the water. First, the whole system is hardware-designed according to the function of the system. In the hardware design of the distress terminal, the STM32-series single-chip computer is used as its control unit, and the control and data processing of the other chips are completed. The positioning function is realized by the base band radio frequency integrated UC221 Beidou positioning chip, and the wireless transceiver chip n RF905 completes the communication between the terminals. the combined work of the acceleration sensor, the pressure sensor and the dewing sensor is adopted to determine whether the wearer is in the water falling state by detecting the acceleration, the pressure and the humidity. in which, the acceleration threshold is obtained by a plurality of tests, and the pressure threshold value is obtained through a theoretical calculation, and the humidity threshold value is determined according to the characteristic curve of the dewing sensor. In view of the small overall power consumption of the distress terminal, the terminal is powered by a + 5V lithium battery. the power supply module of the ship loading terminal is the same as the wireless communication module and the distress terminal, the terminal establishes a connection with the upper computer through the serial interface RS-232C, establishes communication with the user through the n RF905 chip, and timely remind the person that the person is in danger of falling into the water and carry out rescue quickly. the alarm module is realized by a buzzer. In the hardware design, the circuit schematic diagram of each chip is designed by using the PROTELL DXP software, and the design process of the PCB and the layout principle of the components are briefly introduced. Secondly, the software design of the Beidou module and the radio frequency module in the whole system and the system is designed, and the working flow chart of each module is drawn in detail. In the process of software design, the process of transmitting and receiving of the n RF905 chip, the data acquisition of the acceleration sensor and the data acquisition of the pressure sensor are made, and the analysis of the Beidou is also described in detail. Considering the number of SOS terminals in the system, the TMDA time division multiple access communication technology is selected to improve the communication efficiency. Finally, to verify the feasibility and stability of the system, the hardware debugging, software debugging and soft and hard combined debugging are respectively expanded. At the end of the debugging, the effect of the Beidou positioning is analyzed and analyzed, and the positioning error of 10m is obtained. The test shows that when the person falls into the water, the distress terminal can quickly and effectively detect the state of the water falling person and automatically send the water-falling distress information, and the ship loading terminal detects the data and judges that the rescue signal is immediately alarmed, and the rescue work is carried out in a timely manner. The system is stable and reliable, the water falling detection accuracy is high, the false alarm rate of the similar system is greatly reduced, and an effective safety guarantee is provided for the offshore workers.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U676.83

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