基于LabVIEW的调距桨在线监测系统研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 16:36

【摘要】：随着船舶工业的快速发展，可调螺距螺旋桨（Controllable Pitch Propeller简称调距桨）逐渐得到了应用，特别是在拖船、挖泥船、油田工作船、军舰等对船舶操纵性具有较高要求的船舶上。但由于调距桨结构复杂，其故障率比普通定距桨要高，这就在一定程度上限制了调距桨的普及。因此，本论文以某型调距桨为研究对象，用基于信号分析的方法对调距桨状态监测及故障诊断系统展开了如下的研究：首先，在查阅大量文献的基础上对机械设备状态监测及故障诊断的常见方法进行了回顾，并对虚拟仪器技术和CAN总线技术的原理和应用进行了总结，随后提出了基于CAN总线技术和虚拟仪器技术的调距桨状态监测及故障诊断系统。其次，理论上分析了调距桨典型故障的机理和振动特征，通过典型故障的分析确定了传感器的选型及安装方式，并设计了调距桨故障模拟的具体实施方案。再次，研究了基于小波分析的调距桨故障信号提取方法，通过实验提取到了调距桨轴系在正常、偏心、不对中、机械松动等状态下的特征信号；研究了基于支持向量机的调距桨故障诊断算法，，包括传统的支持向量机、基于交叉验证的支持向量机和基于遗传算法的支持向量机，通过编程仿真得出基于遗传算法的支持向量机不仅具有最优的分类准确率，更好的稳定性和有效性，而且缩短了故障诊断的周期。最后，基于CAN总线技术、Matlab和LabVIEW软件开发了调距桨状态监测与故障诊断系统，该系统可以监测包括调距桨轴系振动、轴系转速、螺距角、重力油箱液位、液压系统压力及温度在内的调距桨运行参数，同时还可以对轴系的三种典型故障进行报警提示。本系统经实验和长时间的运行证明满足设计的要求，达到了研究的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of ship industry, adjustable pitch propeller (Controllable Pitch Propeller) has been gradually applied, especially in tugboats, dredgers, oil field working ships, warships and other ships with high requirements for ship maneuverability. However, due to the complexity of the structure of the adjustable pitch propeller, its failure rate is higher than that of the ordinary fixed pitch propeller, which limits the popularity of the adjustable pitch propeller to a certain extent. Therefore, this paper takes a certain type of adjustable pitch propeller as the research object, and carries out the following research on the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of the adjustable pitch propeller using the method of signal analysis: first of all, On the basis of consulting a large number of literatures, the common methods of mechanical equipment condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are reviewed, and the principle and application of virtual instrument technology and CAN bus technology are summarized. Then, the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of pitch regulating propeller based on CAN bus technology and virtual instrument technology is put forward. Secondly, the mechanism and vibration characteristics of the typical faults of the adjustable pitch propeller are analyzed theoretically, the sensor selection and installation mode are determined through the analysis of the typical faults, and the concrete implementation scheme of the fault simulation of the adjustable pitch propeller is designed. Thirdly, the method of fault signal extraction based on wavelet analysis is studied, and the characteristic signals of the adjustable pitch propeller shafting under normal, eccentric, misalignment and mechanical loosening are extracted through experiments. The fault diagnosis algorithms of pitch control propeller based on support vector machine (SVM) are studied, including traditional support vector machine (SVM), support vector machine (SVM) based on cross validation and support vector machine (SVM) based on genetic algorithm (GA). The simulation results show that the support vector machine based on genetic algorithm not only has the best classification accuracy, better stability and effectiveness, but also shortens the period of fault diagnosis. Finally, based on the CAN bus technology, Matlab and LabVIEW software developed the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis system of the adjustable pitch propeller. The system can monitor the vibration of the adjustable pitch propeller shaft system, the speed of the shaft system, the pitch angle, the liquid level of the gravity tank. The operating parameters of the adjustable pitch propeller, including pressure and temperature of the hydraulic system, can also be used to warn the three typical faults of the shafting system. The system has been tested and proved to meet the design requirements for a long time.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U664.33

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