威海港雾航影响因素探析及对策研究

发布时间：2018-12-27 12:45

【摘要】：随着航运事业的发展,船舶数量急剧增加,海上碰撞事故也在不断增加,据大量的统计资料表明,大多数碰撞事故都是在夜间或能见度不良的情况下发生的。其中能见度不良情况下发生的碰撞事故占大多数,而雾则是造成能见度不良的首要因素。威海港处在黄海多雾带,港内常有海雾存在,导致能见度不良情况发生,从而引起交通事故。威海港的快速发展,使得港口水域船舶密度和船舶大型化趋势进一步加大,安全形势日趋严峻。由海雾造成的能见度不良不仅影响港口水域的通航安全,还会给港口经济造成巨大损失。为减轻海雾对威海港水域船舶通航造成的损失,对威海附近海域船舶航行的安全进行对策研究就具有十分重要的意义。本文结合威海港港口的实际情况,并参考中国沿海其他港口的雾航措施,总结得到威海港雾中航行的影响因子。文中将其分为两大类:客观因子和主观因子。客观因子包括:雾对视觉了望的影响、雾对听觉了望的影响、雾对雷达了望的影响和雾对航速的影响;主观因子包括:船舶管理不到位、航海知识技能欠缺、驾驶员心理素质过低和实践经验不足。紧接着,本文运用层次分析法(AHP)对雾中航行的这八个影响因子进行权重比对,得出各个因子对雾航影响的权重排序,发现客观因子中的视觉了望对雾航的影响十分明显,而主观因子是影响雾航的重中之重。为了消除这些影响因子对雾航的影响,在航行时必定要加强值班人员的视觉了望,在平时要加强船员安全教育和培训,提高其知识与技能水平,从而从根本上杜绝雾航事故的发生。
[Abstract]:With the development of shipping industry, the number of ships increases sharply, and the collision accidents at sea are also increasing. According to a large number of statistical data, most collision accidents occur at night or under the condition of poor visibility. Most collision accidents occur in poor visibility, and fog is the primary factor causing poor visibility. Weihai Port is located in Huang Hai's foggy zone, where sea fog often exists, which leads to poor visibility and traffic accidents. With the rapid development of Weihai Port, the ship density and ship size trend in the port waters are further increased, and the security situation is becoming more and more serious. The poor visibility caused by sea fog not only affects the navigation safety of port waters, but also causes huge losses to port economy. In order to reduce the loss of navigation caused by sea fog in the waters of Weihai Port, it is of great significance to study the safety of navigation of ships in the waters near Weihai. Combining with the actual situation of Weihai port and referring to the foggy navigation measures of other ports along the coast of China, this paper summarizes the factors affecting navigation in the fog of Weihai port. In this paper, it is divided into two categories: objective factors and subjective factors. The objective factors include: the influence of fog on visual gaze, the influence of fog on auditory gaze, the influence of fog on radar lookout and the influence of fog on speed; Subjective factors include: ship management is not in place, navigation knowledge and skills are lacking, drivers' psychological quality is too low and practical experience is insufficient. Then, this paper uses analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP) to compare the weight of the eight factors in fog navigation, obtains the weight ranking of each factor on fog navigation, and finds that the visual effect of objective factors on fog navigation is very obvious. Subjective factors are the most important factors affecting fog navigation. In order to eliminate the influence of these factors on fog navigation, it is necessary to strengthen the visual lookout of the personnel on duty during navigation, and to strengthen the safety education and training of crew members in peacetime so as to improve their knowledge and skills. In order to fundamentally eliminate the occurrence of fog accidents.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U675.53

【参考文献】