潮流能电站载体结构分析及水动力试验研究

发布时间：2019-01-05 17:52

【摘要】：潮流能作为一种清洁型海洋能源,取之不尽用之不竭。为充分利用和开发潮流能源,需建立一种能搭载发电装置漂浮于海上的潮流能电站载体。由于搭载水轮机等发电装置,潮流能电站载体中间往往有较大的开口,其结构严重不连续;搭载的水轮机转动时,载体周围的流场变得复杂;在海上漂浮时,载体本身还受到系泊系统的影响。因此,计算载体结构强度,初步了解载体在系泊状态下的水动力特性是很有必要的。本文以双体船为电站支撑载体,以竖轴水轮机作为主要发电设备,主要研究了潮流能电站载体的结构强度,并采用数值模拟和模型试验相结合的方法探究了潮流能电站系统的水动力性能:首先,利用软件建立潮流能电站载体的整船结构模型,船体自身重力通过三维模型的板单元与梁单元模拟,其它设备以质量点形式加载到船体上。基于三维势流原理,采用设计波法模拟波浪载荷,确定并得到一种等效设计波,在该载荷作用下,计算出来的船体应力水平能反映船舶在实际海况中最危险的情况。其次,分析潮流能电站载体实际工作中受到的载荷:重力载荷、静水及动水载荷、水轮机载荷;在fluent软件中计算出水轮机转动时,其叶片受到的力,将计算出的力转化为水轮机作用在载体上的力,并将水轮机载荷和波浪载荷以组合工况的形式加载到电站载体上,计算屈服强度,并将结果进行对比分析。结果表明水轮机载荷对船体结构强度影响较小,当波浪和潮流方向一致时,水轮机工作载荷对整船结构强度的影响显著,高应力区域主要集中在连接桥以及搭载水轮机的井字架处,特别是连接桥与两片体接触的角隅处。最后,以潮流能电站系统为研究对象,考虑了在系泊状态下搭载水轮机和不搭载水轮机时的两种状态,分别对载体和系泊链在不同波浪参数规则波条件下的运动特性进行模型试验。实验对船体在自由状态下的运动特性进行校核,当试验数据与理论计算数据吻合后,针对载体在系泊状态下运动响应及系泊缆动力特性的研究进行模型试验。实验测量了船体在不同搭载状态和不同波浪参数下纵荡和垂荡的运动加速度,将实验结果进行对比分析,得到该潮流能电站载体在浪、流作用下的运动规律。
[Abstract]:As a clean ocean energy, tidal energy is inexhaustible. In order to fully utilize and develop tidal energy, a carrier of tidal power station which can carry power generation devices floating on the sea should be established. Because of the large opening in the carrier of the tidal power station, the structure is seriously discontinuous, and the flow field around the carrier becomes complex when the turbine is rotated. When floating at sea, the carrier itself is also affected by the mooring system. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the structural strength of the carrier and preliminarily understand the hydrodynamic characteristics of the carrier under mooring condition. In this paper, catamaran is used as the support carrier of the power station, and the vertical shaft turbine is used as the main generating equipment. The structural strength of the carrier of the tidal power station is studied. The hydrodynamic performance of tidal power plant system is studied by the method of numerical simulation and model test. Firstly, the whole ship structure model of tidal current power plant carrier is established by software. The gravity of the hull is simulated by the plate element and the beam element of the 3D model, and other equipments are loaded into the hull in the form of mass points. Based on the three-dimensional potential flow principle, the design wave method is used to simulate the wave load, and an equivalent design wave is determined and obtained. Under this load, the calculated hull stress level can reflect the most dangerous situation of the ship in the actual sea condition. Secondly, the loads in the actual work of the carrier of the tidal power station are analyzed: gravity load, hydrostatic load and hydrodynamic load, hydraulic turbine load; When the turbine rotates, the force on the blade of the turbine is calculated in fluent software. The calculated force is converted into the force acting on the carrier of the turbine, and the load of the turbine and the wave load are loaded on the carrier of the power station in the form of combined working conditions. The yield strength is calculated and the results are compared and analyzed. The results show that the hydraulic turbine load has little effect on the strength of the hull structure. When the direction of wave and tide is the same, the working load of the turbine has a significant effect on the strength of the whole ship. The high stress region mainly concentrates on the connecting bridge and the well frame of the hydraulic turbine, especially the corner of the connection bridge and the two pieces. Finally, taking the power flow power station system as the research object, two kinds of states of the turbine under mooring and without the turbine are considered. The motion characteristics of carrier and mooring chain under regular wave conditions with different wave parameters were tested. When the experimental data are in agreement with the theoretical calculation data, the model tests are carried out on the mooring response of the carrier and the dynamic characteristics of the mooring cable. The acceleration of longitudinal and vertical motion of ship under different loading states and different wave parameters is measured experimentally. The experimental results are compared and analyzed, and the motion law of the carrier of the power plant under the action of wave and current is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：浙江海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U674.37

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