一种静螺旋栅式动态旋流器设计及其操作参数对分离性能的影响研究

发布时间：2019-06-03 05:03

【摘要】：本文在传统的静态旋流器和动态旋流器的研究基础上,设计了一种新型的静螺旋栅式除油型动态旋流器。该油水分离器不仅运用了经典的静态旋流器的旋流筒结构,而且还在旋流筒的入口处设计了一个静止的螺旋栅结构,同时该旋流器的旋流筒可以在电机的带动下实现高速旋转。在前期的研究工作中已经实现了对动态旋流器强制涡流形成控制机理的研究、强制涡流前推稳定机理的研究以及旋转筒转速对分离效率影响的研究。本文的重点将是研究旋流器其他操作参数(入口浓度、入口流量和压降比)对该油水分离器的分离性能的影响以及旋流器对于深水环境压力及内外压差适应控制机理的研究。本文通过理论推导和CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)仿真研究得到了入口浓度、入口流量和压降比对旋流器分离效率和分流比的影响情况。旋流器分离效率对入口流量变化是非常敏感的,而对入口浓度的变化不是太敏感。当入口流量很小的时候,分离效率还是不错的,但是分流比比较低。当入口流量不断增加,分离效率开始会有一点点波动,当入口流量很大的时候,分离效率会显著地下降。而入口浓度比较小的时候,对分离效率的影响非常不明显。当入口浓度大于一定值的时候,分离效率会直线下降。压降比随着入口压力的增加先是很明显地降低然后逐渐趋于平稳,而随着出油口压力的增加成线性关系不断降低。而旋流器的分离效率随着压降比的增加先明显地增加然后趋于平稳,而旋流器的分流比随着压降比的增加成线性关系不断降低。为了让旋流器的综合性能达到最优,旋流器的压降比应该保持在1.3左右。此外,为了适应深海压力环境,本文不仅为旋流器部分设计了系统的密封方案,还通过仿真研究了深海压力是否对旋流器的分离性能有影响。仿真结果显示,只有旋流器的压降比一定,环境压力对旋流器的分离性能基本不会产生任何影响。最后,本文根据理论和仿真的情况不断改进所设计的实验装置,并作了大量的实验研究。虽然实验中的一些缺陷使所得到的实验数据与仿真的数据还存在一定的差距,但是实验结果能够很好地验证前文的理论和仿真的结果。理论和仿真所得到的操作参数能够很好地用于实验中的实际操作。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of traditional static cyclone and dynamic cyclone, a new type of static spiral grid deoiling dynamic cyclone is designed in this paper. The oil-water separator not only uses the cyclone structure of the classical static cyclone, but also designs a static spiral grid structure at the entrance of the cyclone. At the same time, the cyclone cylinder can rotate at high speed driven by the motor. In the previous research work, the control mechanism of forced vortex formation, the stability mechanism of forced vortex forward and the influence of rotating speed on separation efficiency of dynamic cyclone have been studied. The emphasis of this paper will be on the influence of other operating parameters (inlet concentration, inlet flow rate and pressure drop ratio) on the separation performance of the oil-water separator and the adaptive control mechanism of the cyclone for pressure and internal and external pressure difference in deep water environment. In this paper, the effects of inlet concentration, inlet flow rate and pressure drop ratio on the separation efficiency and shunt ratio of cyclone are obtained by theoretical derivation and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation. The separation efficiency of cyclone is very sensitive to the change of inlet flow rate, but not to the change of inlet concentration. When the inlet flow is very small, the separation efficiency is good, but the shunt ratio is low. When the inlet flow is increasing, the separation efficiency will fluctuate a little, and when the inlet flow is very large, the separation efficiency will decrease significantly. When the inlet concentration is small, the effect on the separation efficiency is very not obvious. When the inlet concentration is greater than a certain value, the separation efficiency will decrease in a straight line. With the increase of inlet pressure, the pressure drop ratio decreases obviously and then tends to be stable gradually, while the linear relationship decreases with the increase of outlet pressure. The separation efficiency of the cyclone increases obviously with the increase of the pressure drop ratio and then tends to be stable, while the shunt ratio of the cyclone decreases linearly with the increase of the pressure drop ratio. In order to optimize the comprehensive performance of the cyclone, the pressure drop ratio of the cyclone should be kept at about 1.3. In addition, in order to adapt to the deep-sea pressure environment, not only the sealing scheme of the system is designed for the cyclone, but also the influence of deep-sea pressure on the separation performance of the cyclone is studied by simulation. The simulation results show that only the pressure drop ratio of the cyclone is certain, and the environmental pressure has little effect on the separation performance of the cyclone. Finally, according to the theory and simulation, the designed experimental device is continuously improved, and a lot of experimental research is done. Although there is still a certain gap between the experimental data and the simulated data due to some defects in the experiment, the experimental results can well verify the previous theoretical and simulation results. The operating parameters obtained by theory and simulation can be well applied to the actual operation in the experiment.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U664.91

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