高压自起动永磁同步电动机设计与研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 18:53

【摘要】：高压异步感应电机具有可自行起动的能力,但效率和功率因数较低,随负载率变化经济运行范围窄;永磁同步电机在宽的负载率下具有较高的效率和功率因数,可在同步速运行,而且功率密度大,但其起动及稳态运行过程中都需要变频器控制。高压自起动永磁同步电动机(HV-LS-PMSM)结合了高压异步电机和永磁同步电机的优点,成为当前节能减排大环境下的佼佼者。针对HV-LS-PMSM的结构、特性、参数以及设计上的问题进行研究和分析,为实现HV-LS-PMSM对高压异步电动机的替代提供设计基础。对HV-LS-PMSM的特性及影响因素进行了分析。在分析了起动过程的发电制动转矩和稳态过程的最大电磁转矩基础上,得到电机的空载反电势、凸极率是其主要影响因素,并给出了综合起动和稳态性能的设计指标。利用Taguchi正交方法研究了转子槽参数对起动性能的影响规律,分析转子槽参数对起动性能的影响比重,可以指导和优化HV-LS-PMSM的设计。分析了定子冲片和定子绕组、气隙、转子冲片和转子磁路选取原则,给出了不同永磁体和转子槽的相对位置下极间漏磁系数的变化规律和数值。利用场路结合的方法,计算了电机参数、工作特性和起动性能,完成了6kV和10K HV-LS-PMSM的系列电磁方案,就典型规格给出设计参数和结构图。基于有限元分析了HV-LS-PMSM的稳态性能和起动性能,验证了电机在1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0倍于额定转矩负载下具有较好的稳定性能,在额定电压、低于额定电压7%或是高于额定电压10%时电机良好的起动性能;设计了电机定子绕组的绝缘结构,对定子绕组及绝缘结构进行了电场分析,包括槽部电场、角部电场以及端部电场,确认了电机绝缘结构的安全性。在设计和分析的基础上制造了样机并搭建实验台进行实验,并实现了电机的现场应用,结果表明电机具有很好的工作特性。
[Abstract]:High-voltage asynchronous induction motor has the ability of self-starting, but its efficiency and power factor are low, and its economic operating range is narrow with the load rate change; permanent magnet synchronous motor has high efficiency and power factor at a wide load rate, can operate at synchronous speed and high power density, but its starting and steady-state operation process requires frequency conversion. High-voltage self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor (HV-LS-PMSM) combines the advantages of high-voltage asynchronous motor and permanent magnet synchronous motor, and becomes a leader in the current energy-saving and emission-reducing environment. The structure, characteristics, parameters and design problems of HV-LS-PMSM are studied and analyzed to realize the replacement of HV-LS-PMSM for high-voltage asynchronous motor. The characteristics and influencing factors of HV-LS-PMSM are analyzed. On the basis of analyzing the generation braking torque and the maximum electromagnetic torque in the steady-state process, the no-load back EMF of the motor is obtained. Salient ratio is the main influencing factor, and the design index of comprehensive starting and steady-state performance is given. The influence of rotor slot parameters on starting performance is studied by orthogonal method, and the proportion of rotor slot parameters on starting performance is analyzed, which can guide and optimize the design of HV-LS-PMSM. The selection principles of stator punch and stator winding, air gap, rotor punch and rotor magnetic circuit are analyzed, and the relative positions of different permanent magnets and rotor slots are given. Variation law and numerical value of magnetic flux leakage coefficient between poles.Using the method of combining field with circuit,the parameters,working characteristics and starting performance of the motor are calculated.A series of electromagnetic schemes of 6kV and 10KHV-LS-PMSM are completed.The design parameters and structure diagrams are given for typical specifications.The steady-state performance and starting performance of HV-LS-PMSM are analyzed based on finite element method,and the motor is verified. It has good stability under 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 times rated torque load, and good starting performance at rated voltage, 7% below rated voltage or 10% above rated voltage. The insulation structure of stator winding is designed, and the electric field of stator winding and insulation structure is analyzed, including slot electric field, corner electric field and so on. The electric field at the end confirms the safety of the insulation structure of the motor. Based on the design and analysis, a prototype is manufactured and a test bench is set up for experiment. The field application of the motor is realized. The results show that the motor has good working characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM341

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