极地冰物质平衡监测站小型风光互补供电系统的研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 18:17

【摘要】：本课题来源于“南北极环境综合考察和评估”(编号:CHINAER2015-02-02)专项项目。主要是对南极低温环境下极地冰物质平衡监测站小型风光互补供电系统展开的一项应用研究。南极冰盖对全球热量平衡起着重要的调节作用,随着全球变暖速度逐渐加快,南极地区的冰盖也随着温度的升高而加速融化,全球海平面升高的危险正日益临近。因此,研究冰盖的物质平衡与气候的关系是十分必要的。极地冰物质平衡监测站是用于南极地区对冰盖物质平衡信息进行采集和数据远程传输的多功能监测站。由于南极地区温度低下、环境恶劣,导致监测站的供电续航能力不长,造成很多科考数据的丢失。本文以极地冰物质平衡监测站的供电系统为研究对象,考虑该监测站在南极工作时存在低温、极昼极夜等特殊环境状况,研究了该监测站在特殊环境下的小型风光互补供电系统。首先,针对南极低温环境对风光互补供电系统的硬件进行了选型,保证所选设备在低温环境下能够正常工作。以南极安装地点的气候数据为依据对所选设备能否满足要求进行了能量匹配计算,结果证明所选型号能够满足系统需求。其次,在低温环境下对所选的卷绕式铅酸蓄电池进行放电实验,探究蓄电池在低温下容量的变化,根据实验结果可知:蓄电池的容量会随着温度的降低而减少,所放的电量随着温度降低会变少。随后,在低温环境下对蓄电池进行充电实验,由实验结果显示,随着周围温度下降,会降低蓄电池对电流的接受能力,温度在-10℃时,蓄电池可以接受比较大的电流;而当温度降低到-20℃以下时,应选用小电流充电,能够保证蓄电池充入更多的电量。再次,为了能够在-10℃时为蓄电池充入更多的电量,分别提出了风能和太阳能的最大功率跟踪控制策略,并通过MATLAB软件对所选择的策略进行仿真实验,实验证明所选择的策略能够满足要求。然后以低温下的电池实验为基础,结合风能和太阳能控制策略以及南极特殊环境提出了蓄电池的充电控制策略。最后,以MSP430单片机为主控芯片,设计了风光互补控制器的主电路以及实现各个功能的外围电路。本次选用的器件能够满足低温环境下要求,制作出小型风光互补控制器,编写了相关程序,并在实验室条件下对其功能进行了验证。随后,该供电系统跟随南极第33次科学考察队,在南极地区进行了现场实验,结果表明所设计的风光互补供电控制器能够满足需求,并保证极地冰物质平衡监测站有效工作。
[Abstract]:This project comes from the special project of "Comprehensive investigation and Assessment of the Arctic and Polar Environment" (No.: CHINAER2015-02-02). This paper mainly focuses on an applied study of the polar ice material balance monitoring station in the Antarctic low temperature environment. The Antarctic ice sheet plays an important role in regulating the global heat balance. With the acceleration of global warming and the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet with the increase of temperature, the danger of global sea level rise is approaching. Therefore, it is necessary to study the relationship between ice sheet mass balance and climate. Polar ice mass balance monitoring station is a multifunctional monitoring station used for collecting and transmitting information of ice sheet material balance in Antarctic area. Due to the low temperature and poor environment in the Antarctic area, the power supply capacity of the monitoring station is not long and many scientific data are lost. In this paper, the power supply system of the polar ice material balance monitoring station is taken as the research object, considering the special environmental conditions such as low temperature, extreme day and night when the monitoring station is working in the Antarctic. This paper studies the complementary power supply system of small scale wind and wind in the special environment of the monitoring station. Firstly, the hardware of the solar power supply system is selected for the Antarctic low temperature environment to ensure that the selected equipment can work normally under the low temperature environment. Based on the climate data of the Antarctic installation site, the energy matching calculation of whether the selected equipment can meet the requirements is carried out, and the results show that the selected model can meet the requirements of the system. Secondly, in the low temperature environment, the discharge experiment is carried out to investigate the change of the battery capacity at low temperature. According to the experimental results, the capacity of the battery will decrease with the decrease of temperature. The amount of electricity emitted decreases as the temperature decreases. Then, the battery was charged at low temperature. The results showed that with the decrease of ambient temperature, the receptivity of the battery to the current would be reduced, and the battery could accept a larger current when the temperature was -10 鈩，

本文编号：2201642