异步电机传感器故障下的容错控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 10:54

【摘要】：采用矢量控制的异步电机传动系统凭借与直流电机相媲美的优良控制性能而广泛应用于各个工业领域,包括一些可靠性要求较高的场合。然而,由于恶劣工作环境或者人员误操作等原因,系统部件可能会发生故障,其中,最易受到外界影响的部件是传感器,而在异步电机的矢量控制系统中,必须对电流和转速进行闭环控制,一旦电流传感器或速度传感器发生故障就会造成反馈信息的不准确甚至缺失,这将会严重地影响整个系统的控制性能,甚至导致系统崩溃,造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。因此,针对电流传感器和速度传感器故障的容错控制就显得尤为重要。本文针对电流传感器故障提出了一种更加简单的容错控制方法,针对速度传感器的故障提出了一种可靠性更高的容错控制方法。首先给出了异步电机在两相静止坐标下的系数学模型,然后介绍了本文采用的电流传感器故障容错控制方法以及所用到的电流估计器,接着又在两相静止坐标系下分别介绍了扩展卡尔曼滤波器转速估计算法、扩展卡龙贝格估计器转速估计算法以及本文所采用的速度传感器故障容错控制方法。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了电流传感器和速度传感器故障容错控制的仿真模型,仿真结果证明了本文所提方案的正确性和有效性。为了验证本文所提出的传感器故障容错控制方案的可行性,搭建了 1.5kW的实验样机平台,在以TMS320F28335DSP为控制核心的实验平台上进行了容错控制实验研究,实验结果表明本文所提出的容错控制方案在传感器故障的情况下依然可以保证系统继续安全运行,证明了本文所提方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Vector-controlled induction motor drive system is widely used in various industrial fields because of its excellent control performance comparable to that of DC motor, including some occasions with high reliability requirements. However, due to the harsh working environment or misoperation of personnel, system components may fail, among which, the most vulnerable to outside world. In vector control system of asynchronous motor, current and speed must be closed-loop controlled. Once the current sensor or speed sensor fails, the feedback information will be inaccurate or even missing. This will seriously affect the control performance of the whole system, and even lead to system collapse. This paper presents a simpler fault-tolerant control method for current sensor faults and a more reliable fault-tolerant control method for speed sensor faults. The coefficient model of asynchronous motor in two-phase stationary coordinates is presented. Then the fault-tolerant control method of current sensor and the current estimator used in this paper are introduced. Then the speed estimation algorithm of extended Kalman filter and the speed estimation of extended Caromberg estimator are introduced in two-phase stationary coordinates. Finally, the fault-tolerant control simulation model of current sensor and speed sensor is built in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results prove the correctness and validity of the proposed scheme. The feasibility of the scheme is studied. A 1.5kW prototype platform is built and the fault-tolerant control experiment is carried out on the experimental platform with the control core of TMS320F28335 DSP. The experimental results show that the fault-tolerant control scheme proposed in this paper can ensure the system to continue to operate safely even if the sensor is faulty. It proves that the scheme proposed in this paper can ensure the system to run safely. Feasibility.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343

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