六相同步风力发电机最大功率跟踪控制研究

发布时间：2018-08-26 18:37

【摘要】：煤炭、石油、天然气等传统非可再生能源的过度消耗,给自然环境带来严重污染和破坏,人们开始把目光转向清洁的可再生的能源。而可再生能源中,风能被普遍认为是取之不尽、用之不竭的完全意义上的绿色能源。并且风电的开发周期短、对环境要求低,因此在世界范围内得到快速发展。随着风电技术的不断发展,采用多相发电机的风力发电结构已经成为一个重要发展方向。本文以一种采用分布式变流器结构的六相同步风力发电系统为对象,研究其最大功率跟踪控制方法。首先,本文介绍了六相同步风力发电系统的结构组成,包括风力机、六相同步发电机、两套并联结构的背靠背变流器。阐述了风力机的模型及相关概念,包括风能利用系数、叶尖速比。详细分析了六相同步发电机的结构及相关坐标变换,利用空间矢量解耦坐标变换,建立六相同步发电机在dq旋转坐标系下的数学模型。对于背靠背变流器,主要研究的是与发电机控制有关的机侧变流器。其次,对风力机的最大风能捕获进行分析,得出最大功率跟踪控制方法,并介绍了几种同步电机矢量控制方法。详细分析了基于最佳转矩的最大功率跟踪控制方法和零d轴电流同步发电机矢量控制方法,构建了转矩外环和电流内环的双闭环解耦PI控制方案,以此实现六相同步风力发电系统的最大功率跟踪。最后,详细介绍了两电平电压源变流器的空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)基本原理及仿真实现方法。根据前文分析得出的风力机、六相同步发电机的数学模型及其最大功率跟踪控制方案,在Simulink中搭建六相同步风力发电系统仿真模型,分别在定风速和变风速下进行仿真,对不同状况下风力机的风能利用系数、输出机械功率和六相同步发电的dq轴电流、定子电流、输出电功率进行分析,验证零d轴电流控制及最大功率跟踪控制的有效性。
[Abstract]:The excessive consumption of traditional non-renewable energy, such as coal, oil and natural gas, has brought serious pollution and damage to the natural environment, and people have begun to turn their attention to clean renewable energy. In renewable energy, wind energy is generally regarded as an inexhaustible green energy. And wind power development cycle is short, environmental requirements are low, so in the world has been rapid development. With the development of wind power technology, the structure of wind power generation with polyphase generators has become an important development direction. In this paper, the maximum power tracking control method for a six-phase synchronous wind power generation system with distributed converter structure is studied. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure of six-phase synchronous wind power system, including wind turbine, six-phase synchronous generator and two sets of back-to-back converter with parallel structure. The model and related concepts of wind turbine are described, including wind energy utilization coefficient and blade tip speed ratio. The structure and related coordinate transformation of six-phase synchronous generator are analyzed in detail. The mathematical model of six-phase synchronous generator in dq rotating coordinate system is established by using space vector decoupling coordinate transformation. For back-to-back converter, the main research is related to generator control machine side converter. Secondly, the maximum wind energy capture of wind turbine is analyzed, the maximum power tracking control method is obtained, and several synchronous motor vector control methods are introduced. The maximum power tracking control method based on optimal torque and the vector control method of zero-d axis current synchronous generator are analyzed in detail. The double closed loop decoupling PI control scheme of torque outer loop and current inner loop is constructed. The maximum power tracking of six-phase synchronous wind power generation system is realized. Finally, the basic principle and simulation method of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for two level voltage source converter are introduced in detail. According to the mathematical model of wind turbine and six-phase synchronous generator and its maximum power tracking control scheme, the simulation model of six-phase synchronous wind power generation system is built in Simulink, and the simulation is carried out under constant wind speed and variable wind speed, respectively. The efficiency of zero d axis current control and maximum power tracking control are verified by analyzing the wind energy utilization coefficient of wind turbine output mechanical power and dq axis current stator current and output power of six-phase synchronous generation.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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