光伏—混合储能直流微电网能量管理策略研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 11:49
【摘要】：近年来,由于能源危机与生态环境恶化,以光伏为代表的分布式发电(Distributed generation,DG)受到人们广泛的关注。与交流微电网相比,直流微电网结构简单、控制方便,已经成为当前研究的热点。然而,分布式电源发电不稳定,会严重影响发电系统的可靠性。为了使系统连续、稳定的供电,需要给光伏系统配备相应的储能系统。由能量型储能元件蓄电池和功率型储能元件超级电容器构成的混合储能系统(Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS),可以优势互补,充分利用二者的优点。配以相应的能量管理方案和控制策略,可以有效延长系统使用寿命。本文以含混合储能系统的光伏直流微电网为研究对象,对其运行和控制相关问题进行了研究。针对混合储能系统中蓄电池使用寿命短及超级电容器容量小的缺点,提出了一种混合储能系统能量管理方案;为合理利用微电网内各资源,研究了一种含混合储能系统的光伏直流微电网协调控制策略。首先,介绍了光伏-混合储能直流微电网的总体结构。建立了光伏电池、蓄电池和超级电容器的数学模型,并对其输出特性做了分析与研究。根据系统工作要求设置了光伏发电系统恒压控制(CVC)和最大功率跟踪控制(MPPT)两种工作模式。其中,MPPT控制选用增量电导法。并研究了双向DC/DC变换器和双向DC/AC变换器的结构与工作原理。其次,研究了一种蓄电池与超级电容器构成的混合储能系统的能量管理策略。根据两种储能元件的工作特性,优化其充放电的过程,使蓄电池工作电流平滑变化,超级电容器承担功率波动的部分,有效延长储能系统使用寿命。针对超级电容器能量密度小的特点,研究了一种基于超级电容器荷电状态(Stage of Charge,SOC)分区的限值管理策略,在根据SOC划分的不同工作区内合理调整蓄电池与超级电容器各自承担功率,有效改善了因超级电容器过充或过放导致系统不能正常工作的缺点,维持系统正常运行。在Matlab/Simulink中对混合储能系统能量管理策略的有效性进行了仿真验证。然后,综合储能装置荷电状态和系统功率平衡,研究了一种含混合储能系统的光伏直流微电网协调控制策略。在不同的工作状况下,对直流微电网系统工作模式进行合理划分,同时确定各个变换器的工作状态,对微电网内各个单元的能量进行合理配置。在Matlab/Simulink中对系统各个工作模式及工作模式切换进行了仿真验证,仿真结果验证了该策略的有效性。最后,对含混合储能的光伏直流微电网系统进行了硬件与软件的设计。以DSP2812为控制核心,在实验室搭建了混合储能系统实验平台。对子系统进行调试,完成了功率分配实验,初步验证了混合储能系统能量管理策略的正确性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, distributed generation (Distributed generation,DG), represented by photovoltaic (PV), has attracted wide attention due to energy crisis and deterioration of ecological environment. Compared with AC microgrid, DC microgrid has become a hot research area because of its simple structure and convenient control. However, the instability of distributed power generation will seriously affect the reliability of power generation system. In order to supply the system continuously and stably, it is necessary to equip the photovoltaic system with the corresponding energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system (Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS), which consists of energy storage element battery and power type energy storage element supercapacitor, can complement each other and make full use of the advantages of both. With the corresponding energy management scheme and control strategy, the service life of the system can be effectively extended. In this paper, the operation and control of PV DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system are studied. In view of the short life of storage battery and the small capacity of supercapacitor in hybrid energy storage system, a new energy management scheme for hybrid energy storage system is proposed. A coordinated control strategy for photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system is studied. Firstly, the structure of PV-hybrid energy storage DC microgrid is introduced. Mathematical models of photovoltaic cells, batteries and supercapacitors are established, and their output characteristics are analyzed and studied. According to the working requirements of the system, two working modes, constant voltage control (CVC) and maximum power tracking control (MPPT), are set up for photovoltaic power generation system. The incremental conductance method is used for MPPT control. The structure and working principle of two-way DC/DC converter and two-way DC/AC converter are studied. Secondly, the energy management strategy of a hybrid energy storage system composed of batteries and supercapacitors is studied. According to the working characteristics of two kinds of energy storage elements, the process of charging and discharging is optimized, so that the working current of the battery changes smoothly and the supercapacitor bears the part of power fluctuation, which effectively prolongs the service life of the energy storage system. In view of the small energy density of supercapacitors, a limit management strategy based on supercapacitor charge state (Stage of Charge,SOC) partition is studied. According to the different working areas divided by SOC, the power of storage battery and supercapacitor is adjusted reasonably, which effectively improves the shortcoming that the system can not work properly due to overcharge or overdischarge of the supercapacitor, and maintains the normal operation of the system. The effectiveness of the energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage system is verified by simulation in Matlab/Simulink. Then, a coordinated control strategy of photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system is studied by synthesizing the charging state of the energy storage device and the power balance of the system. In different working conditions, the working mode of DC microgrid system is divided reasonably, the working state of each converter is determined, and the energy of each unit in the micro-grid is allocated reasonably. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the strategy in Matlab/Simulink. Finally, the hardware and software of the PV DC microgrid system with hybrid energy storage are designed. Taking DSP2812 as the control core, the experimental platform of hybrid energy storage system is built in the laboratory. The subsystem is debugged and the power allocation experiment is completed, which preliminarily verifies the correctness of the energy management strategy of the hybrid energy storage system.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM727
本文编号：2207186
[Abstract]:In recent years, distributed generation (Distributed generation,DG), represented by photovoltaic (PV), has attracted wide attention due to energy crisis and deterioration of ecological environment. Compared with AC microgrid, DC microgrid has become a hot research area because of its simple structure and convenient control. However, the instability of distributed power generation will seriously affect the reliability of power generation system. In order to supply the system continuously and stably, it is necessary to equip the photovoltaic system with the corresponding energy storage system. The hybrid energy storage system (Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS), which consists of energy storage element battery and power type energy storage element supercapacitor, can complement each other and make full use of the advantages of both. With the corresponding energy management scheme and control strategy, the service life of the system can be effectively extended. In this paper, the operation and control of PV DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system are studied. In view of the short life of storage battery and the small capacity of supercapacitor in hybrid energy storage system, a new energy management scheme for hybrid energy storage system is proposed. A coordinated control strategy for photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system is studied. Firstly, the structure of PV-hybrid energy storage DC microgrid is introduced. Mathematical models of photovoltaic cells, batteries and supercapacitors are established, and their output characteristics are analyzed and studied. According to the working requirements of the system, two working modes, constant voltage control (CVC) and maximum power tracking control (MPPT), are set up for photovoltaic power generation system. The incremental conductance method is used for MPPT control. The structure and working principle of two-way DC/DC converter and two-way DC/AC converter are studied. Secondly, the energy management strategy of a hybrid energy storage system composed of batteries and supercapacitors is studied. According to the working characteristics of two kinds of energy storage elements, the process of charging and discharging is optimized, so that the working current of the battery changes smoothly and the supercapacitor bears the part of power fluctuation, which effectively prolongs the service life of the energy storage system. In view of the small energy density of supercapacitors, a limit management strategy based on supercapacitor charge state (Stage of Charge,SOC) partition is studied. According to the different working areas divided by SOC, the power of storage battery and supercapacitor is adjusted reasonably, which effectively improves the shortcoming that the system can not work properly due to overcharge or overdischarge of the supercapacitor, and maintains the normal operation of the system. The effectiveness of the energy management strategy of hybrid energy storage system is verified by simulation in Matlab/Simulink. Then, a coordinated control strategy of photovoltaic DC microgrid with hybrid energy storage system is studied by synthesizing the charging state of the energy storage device and the power balance of the system. In different working conditions, the working mode of DC microgrid system is divided reasonably, the working state of each converter is determined, and the energy of each unit in the micro-grid is allocated reasonably. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the strategy in Matlab/Simulink. Finally, the hardware and software of the PV DC microgrid system with hybrid energy storage are designed. Taking DSP2812 as the control core, the experimental platform of hybrid energy storage system is built in the laboratory. The subsystem is debugged and the power allocation experiment is completed, which preliminarily verifies the correctness of the energy management strategy of the hybrid energy storage system.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM727
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