水平轴磁悬浮风力发电机支承系统研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 19:05
【摘要】：风力发电机支承系统是整个发电机中的关键系统结构。传统的风力发电机的支承系统主要采用机械轴承作为主要结构。因此,启动风速一般要到达3m/s以上才可启动,要求较高。与此同时在采用机械轴承的支承系统中轴承间的机械接触时会产生机械摩擦与磨损。机械摩擦会产生一部分功率损耗,大大降低了风能所带来的有效功率;而机械磨损的产生将会使支承系统的硬件受损,影响整机工作,极有可能发生重大故障。因为传统电机有诸多不足,磁悬浮风力发电机应运而生。将磁悬浮支承系统替换传统水平轴风力发电机中的机械轴承支承系统即是水平轴磁悬浮风力发电机。其具有启动性能好,风能转化效率更高,寿命长,市场占有率高等特点。因此研究如何优化磁悬浮风力发电机的结构以及提高其性能将是未来磁悬浮风力发电机的发展趋势。现有的大部分径向磁轴承都采用四磁极或八磁极机械结构,但是通常采用直流功率放大器,制造成本相对偏高、体积上也相对较大而且效率偏低。与之不同的是交流磁轴承通常采取三相交流功率逆变器对整个轴承进行驱动,并且相比于功率放大器,三相逆变器具有应用技术更加成熟完善、价格便宜、稳定性高、整体体积较小等优点,可大大降低控制系统的开发成本。本文结合了磁通切换电机单位体积内气隙磁密大的优点并参考其机械机构,提出了一种新型异极式结构的径向二自由度混合磁轴承。使用新型混合磁轴承做为径向支承结构,轴向采用一个三极混合磁轴承作为支承结构。针对该磁悬浮支承系统进行了理论与试验研究。本文主要研究工作如下:1.介绍了磁悬浮风力发电机工作原理。对三种经典的磁悬浮支承系统的设计方案进行分析比较工作。三种设计方案均有不足,都未能达到设计的要求。因此本文创新设计出一种新型小型水平轴磁悬浮风力发电机。该支承系统的设计方案采用“径向-轴向-径向”的支承结构,其中径向采用创新设计的新型径向混合磁轴承,轴向采用经典的三极混合磁轴承。本文先说明了轴向支承系统的轴向三极混合磁轴承的工作原理,构建出了该三极混合磁轴承的数学模型,并根据其数学模型计算得出设计参数。最后利用仿真软件对其进行有限元网格剖分,未加控制电流时永磁环偏置磁场磁通密度分布以及通入最大控制电流磁通密度分布的矢量图。2.详细介绍了该新型磁轴承的机械结构及其工作原理。采用等效磁路法构建出该新型径向混合磁轴承的数学模型,并通过该数学模型计算出该磁轴承最大承载力的数学表达式。通过计算得出该新型径向混合磁轴承的详细设计参数。通过计算出的详细设计参数在Ansoft仿真软件中绘制出该新型磁轴承的3D模型,并进行了电磁仿真,分析了该磁轴承中悬浮力与控制电流,悬浮力与转子位移之间的线性关系。通过仿真分析的结果表明,该新型混合磁轴承参数设计合理,可达到设计该径向磁轴承的承载力要求。3.根据整个磁悬浮系统的工作原理,构建了以DSP 2812为控制核心的径向混合磁轴承的控制系统。重点阐述了该新型磁轴承的控制系统中的硬件电路各个模块的设计以及软件的开发与调试。4.利用VB6.0作为人机交互界面进行调试工作,并对该五自由度悬浮支承系统的轴、径向磁轴承分别进行了起浮、稳定悬浮和扰动试验。验证了该五自由度悬浮支承系统的可行性与合理行,验证了构建的数字控制系统设计的正确性与调试的精确性。
[Abstract]:The support system of wind turbine is the key system structure of the whole generator. The traditional support system of wind turbine mainly uses mechanical bearing as the main structure. Therefore, the starting wind speed usually needs to reach more than 3m/s to start, which requires higher requirements. At the same time, the mechanical contact between bearings in the support system using mechanical bearing is also required. Mechanical friction will produce a part of the power loss, greatly reducing the wind energy brought about by the effective power; and the mechanical wear will make the supporting system hardware damage, affect the whole machine work, is likely to occur major failures. The magnetic suspension bearing system is replaced by the mechanical bearing supporting system in the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine, which is the horizontal axis magnetic suspension wind turbine. Most of the existing radial magnetic bearings adopt four or eight magnetic poles mechanical structure, but usually use DC power amplifier, which has relatively high manufacturing cost, relatively large volume and low efficiency. The power inverter drives the whole bearing, and compared with the power amplifier, the three-phase inverter has the advantages of more mature application technology, cheaper price, high stability, small overall volume, and so on, which can greatly reduce the development cost of the control system. Referring to its mechanism, a new type of radial two-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing with different poles is proposed. A new type of hybrid magnetic bearing is used as radial support structure and a three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used as axial support structure. The working principle of the maglev wind turbine is introduced. Three classical design schemes of the maglev support system are analyzed and compared. All the three schemes are insufficient and can not meet the design requirements. Therefore, a new type of small horizontal axis maglev wind turbine is designed in this paper. The design scheme of the support system is adopted. The radial-axial-radial support structure is used, in which a new radial hybrid magnetic bearing with innovative design is adopted in the radial direction and a classical three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used in the axial direction. Finally, the finite element mesh is generated by the simulation software. The flux density distribution of the bias magnetic field and the vector diagram of the flux density distribution of the maximum control current are obtained when the control current is not added. 2. The mechanical structure and working principle of the new magnetic bearing are introduced in detail. The mathematic model of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing is constructed by the road method, and the mathematic expression of the maximum bearing capacity is calculated by the mathematic model. The detailed design parameters of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing are obtained by the calculation. The detailed design parameters are drawn out in Ansoft simulation software. The linear relationship between the suspension force and the control current, the suspension force and the rotor displacement is analyzed. The simulation results show that the parameters of the new hybrid magnetic bearing are reasonable and the bearing capacity of the radial magnetic bearing can be designed. 3. According to the work of the whole magnetic suspension system. The control system of radial hybrid magnetic bearing with DSP 2812 as the control core is constructed. The design of hardware circuit and the development and debugging of software in the control system of the new type magnetic bearing are described emphatically. 4. The debugging work is carried out by using VB6.0 as the man-machine interface, and the five-degree-of-freedom suspension bearing system is also carried out. The floating, stable suspension and disturbance tests of the axle and radial magnetic bearing are carried out respectively. The feasibility and rationality of the five-degree-of-freedom suspension support system are verified, and the correctness of the digital control system design and the accuracy of debugging are verified.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315
[Abstract]:The support system of wind turbine is the key system structure of the whole generator. The traditional support system of wind turbine mainly uses mechanical bearing as the main structure. Therefore, the starting wind speed usually needs to reach more than 3m/s to start, which requires higher requirements. At the same time, the mechanical contact between bearings in the support system using mechanical bearing is also required. Mechanical friction will produce a part of the power loss, greatly reducing the wind energy brought about by the effective power; and the mechanical wear will make the supporting system hardware damage, affect the whole machine work, is likely to occur major failures. The magnetic suspension bearing system is replaced by the mechanical bearing supporting system in the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine, which is the horizontal axis magnetic suspension wind turbine. Most of the existing radial magnetic bearings adopt four or eight magnetic poles mechanical structure, but usually use DC power amplifier, which has relatively high manufacturing cost, relatively large volume and low efficiency. The power inverter drives the whole bearing, and compared with the power amplifier, the three-phase inverter has the advantages of more mature application technology, cheaper price, high stability, small overall volume, and so on, which can greatly reduce the development cost of the control system. Referring to its mechanism, a new type of radial two-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing with different poles is proposed. A new type of hybrid magnetic bearing is used as radial support structure and a three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used as axial support structure. The working principle of the maglev wind turbine is introduced. Three classical design schemes of the maglev support system are analyzed and compared. All the three schemes are insufficient and can not meet the design requirements. Therefore, a new type of small horizontal axis maglev wind turbine is designed in this paper. The design scheme of the support system is adopted. The radial-axial-radial support structure is used, in which a new radial hybrid magnetic bearing with innovative design is adopted in the radial direction and a classical three-pole hybrid magnetic bearing is used in the axial direction. Finally, the finite element mesh is generated by the simulation software. The flux density distribution of the bias magnetic field and the vector diagram of the flux density distribution of the maximum control current are obtained when the control current is not added. 2. The mechanical structure and working principle of the new magnetic bearing are introduced in detail. The mathematic model of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing is constructed by the road method, and the mathematic expression of the maximum bearing capacity is calculated by the mathematic model. The detailed design parameters of the new radial hybrid magnetic bearing are obtained by the calculation. The detailed design parameters are drawn out in Ansoft simulation software. The linear relationship between the suspension force and the control current, the suspension force and the rotor displacement is analyzed. The simulation results show that the parameters of the new hybrid magnetic bearing are reasonable and the bearing capacity of the radial magnetic bearing can be designed. 3. According to the work of the whole magnetic suspension system. The control system of radial hybrid magnetic bearing with DSP 2812 as the control core is constructed. The design of hardware circuit and the development and debugging of software in the control system of the new type magnetic bearing are described emphatically. 4. The debugging work is carried out by using VB6.0 as the man-machine interface, and the five-degree-of-freedom suspension bearing system is also carried out. The floating, stable suspension and disturbance tests of the axle and radial magnetic bearing are carried out respectively. The feasibility and rationality of the five-degree-of-freedom suspension support system are verified, and the correctness of the digital control system design and the accuracy of debugging are verified.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315
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