含分布式电源的配电网黑启动策略研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 10:10

【摘要】：现代经济生产生活对电力的依赖程度日益加深,大范围的电力事故对人类的生产生活会带来巨大的危害。当紧急的电力事故发生时,采取一定的措施从而快速的将系统恢复为正常供电状态,最大的减小事故造成的损失是必要的。因此针对大停电事故的故障恢复措施、故障恢复性计划制定的研究是目前研究的热点。同时随着分布式电源在配网中的渗透率越来越高,其对传统配网的结构及运行方式都将带来一定的影响。由于传统配电网不考虑分布式电源的黑启动能力,只采用传统的常规机组对系统进行供电,延迟了系统的恢复速度,因此本文针对以上情况研究了含分布式电源的配电网黑启动情况,重点分析了分布式电源的孤岛效应,针对分布式电源作为黑启动电源进行深入的讨论与分析。论文的主要内容为:首先,分析了分布式电源的特性,依据分布式电源的工作原理在Matlab软件中搭建仿真模型,分析分布式电源的输出性能,对分布式电源的黑启动能力进行了初步的判断。根据分布式电源的特性:启动时间、路径指数、机组带载能力、启动机组容量、机组调频调压能力、附近负荷重要度搭建数学模型,确定分布式电源的黑启动能力综合评价值,为选择黑启动电源提供了有效的依据。其次本文针对分布式电源接入后的配电网在小范围停电后提出了以电流幅值相位为判断依据的故障定位方法,即基于电流幅值相位的故障定位法。并针对系统大停电后的情况建立了考虑分布式电源的配电网生成树模型。通过对负荷重要度、负荷可控性及负荷功率的分析,确定配电网最小生成树模型。同时本文依据功率约束等约束条件实现对系统孤岛的快速划分,并利用IEEE69节点配网系统验证了方法的可行性。最后,本文结合分布式电源的黑启动能力综合评价值及系统的划分情况,对分布式电源的启动及负荷恢复路径采用具有良好收敛性能的改进的差分优化算法进行优化。通过对差分进化算法缩放因子、交叉因子的改进以及罚函数的设计,大大加快了收敛性能,缩短了恢复时间。并在第三章孤岛划分的基础上,优化分区内负荷的供电,验证了方法的有效性。通过以上几个方面的着重分析,最终实现了配电网在大停电情况下对于关键负荷的恢复供电。
[Abstract]:With the increasing dependence of modern economic production and life on electricity, large-scale electric power accidents will bring great harm to human production and life. When an emergency electric power accident occurs, it is necessary to take certain measures to quickly restore the system to normal power supply and minimize the loss caused by the accident. At the same time, with the increasing penetration rate of distributed generation in distribution network, it will have a certain impact on the structure and operation mode of traditional distribution network. Only conventional generating units are used to supply power to the system, which delays the recovery speed of the system. Therefore, this paper studies the black-start of distribution network with distributed generators, especially analyzes the islanding effect of distributed generators, and discusses and analyzes distributed generators as black-start power. The main contents are as follows: Firstly, the characteristics of DG are analyzed, the simulation model is built in MATlab software according to the working principle of DG, the output performance of DG is analyzed, and the black-start capability of DG is preliminarily judged. A mathematic model is set up to determine the comprehensive evaluation value of the black-start ability of the distributed generation, which provides an effective basis for the selection of the black-start power supply. Secondly, the amplitude phase of the current is proposed for the distribution network after a small-scale blackout. In order to judge the fault location method based on current amplitude and phase, the spanning tree model of distribution network considering distributed generation is established for the situation after blackout. The minimum spanning tree model of distribution network is determined by analyzing the load importance, load controllability and load power. Power constraints and other constraints to achieve the rapid division of the system islands, and the use of IEEE 69-bus distribution system to verify the feasibility of the method. Finally, combined with the distributed generation black-start capability of the comprehensive evaluation value and system partitioning, the start-up and load recovery path of the distributed power supply using a good convergence performance. By improving the scaling factor, crossover factor and penalty function of the differential evolution algorithm, the convergence performance is greatly accelerated and the recovery time is shortened. With emphasis on analysis, the power supply of the distribution network is restored to the critical load in the case of blackouts.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM732

【参考文献】