新型复合磁路永磁风力发电机的三维性能分析

发布时间：2018-09-01 21:05

【摘要】：风能是一种绿色无污染的可再生能源,风力发电已成为新能源发电技术中最具大规模开发和最有商业化发展前景的发电方式之一。由于永磁发电机效率高,结构简单、可靠性高且可以做到多极低转速,广泛地为风电机组采用,具有很好的应用前景。本课题研究主要是以一种新型复合磁路外转子永磁风力发电机为研究对象,研究其电磁设计方法、电磁场有限元仿真及三维性能分析,为低风速风力发电技术提供一定的理论依据。首先,针对传统的外转子永磁风力发电机采用场路结合法进行电磁设计和研究分析。根据给定的设计指标,初步选取电机主要尺寸、电磁负荷参数、永磁材料和形状、极槽匹配、绕组形式等结构,通过等效磁路计算定转子结构参数和电磁性能参数;基于RMxprt电机专家设计软件的路算完成永磁发电机的初始计算,进行参数化分析,研究永磁体磁化方向长度、定子齿宽与磁密分布的关系曲线,铁心有效轴长与效率、输出功率的变化曲线,确定永磁发电机的初始方案。其次,在Maxwell 2D电磁场有限元分析软件中,建立永磁发电机模型并对电机内部的电磁场进行更为精确的静态磁场和瞬态磁场仿真分析。静态磁场中得到磁力线分布图、磁密云图及齿槽转矩曲线验证电机基本电磁性能,瞬态磁场中分别进行空载、额定负载及短路故障三种工况下的仿真分析,分析永磁发电机的电枢反应情况和不同转速下输出电压的变化。二维电磁场仿真分析为复合磁路结构永磁风力发电机的三维仿真和电磁设计研究奠定理论基础。最后,在完成传统外转子永磁发电机研究分析的基础上,进一步改进电机磁路结构,设计一种新型复合磁路结构的永磁发电机,通过机械绘图软件Solidworks建立转子磁路的三维模型,导入Maxwell 3D电磁场有限元分析软件,进行复合磁路结构的三维性能分析,与传统的径向磁路结构永磁发电机对比,形成以轴向磁路为主磁路,径向为辅的复合磁路结构,增大了气隙磁密,减少永磁体材料,降低了电机成本。同时启动磁阻力矩大大减少,提高了低风速启动性能。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a kind of green and pollution-free renewable energy. Wind power generation has become one of the most widely developed and commercialized power generation methods in the new energy generation technology. Because of its high efficiency, simple structure, high reliability and multipole low speed, permanent magnet generator is widely used in wind turbine, and has a good application prospect. In this paper, the electromagnetic design method, electromagnetic finite element simulation and three dimensional performance analysis of a new type of composite magnetic outer rotor permanent magnet wind generator are studied. It provides some theoretical basis for low wind speed wind power generation technology. Firstly, the electromagnetic design and analysis of the traditional external rotor permanent magnet wind turbine are carried out by field circuit method. According to the given design index, the main dimensions, electromagnetic load parameters, permanent magnet material and shape, pole slot matching, winding form and other structures are preliminarily selected, and the structure parameters and electromagnetic performance parameters of stator and rotor are calculated by equivalent magnetic circuit. Based on the RMxprt motor expert design software, the initial calculation of the permanent magnet generator is completed, and the parameterized analysis is carried out. The magnetization direction length of the permanent magnet, the relationship curve between the stator tooth width and the magnetic density distribution, the effective shaft length and the efficiency of the core are studied. The change curve of output power is used to determine the initial scheme of permanent magnet generator. Secondly, in the finite element analysis software of Maxwell 2D electromagnetic field, the permanent magnet generator model is established and the static magnetic field and transient magnetic field are simulated more accurately. In the static magnetic field, the distribution diagram of the magnetic force line, the magnetic density cloud diagram and the torque curve of the tooth slot are obtained to verify the basic electromagnetic performance of the motor. The simulation analysis is carried out under the three working conditions of no-load, rated load and short-circuit fault respectively in the transient magnetic field. The armature reaction of permanent magnet generator and the variation of output voltage at different rotational speeds are analyzed. The simulation analysis of two-dimensional electromagnetic field lays a theoretical foundation for the three-dimensional simulation and electromagnetic design of the composite magnetic circuit structure permanent magnet wind turbine. Finally, on the basis of the research and analysis of the traditional outer rotor permanent magnet generator, the magnetic circuit structure of the motor is further improved, and a new type of permanent magnet generator with compound magnetic circuit structure is designed. The three-dimensional model of the rotor magnetic circuit is established by the mechanical drawing software Solidworks. The Maxwell 3D electromagnetic field finite element analysis software was introduced to analyze the three-dimensional performance of the composite magnetic circuit structure. Compared with the traditional radial magnetic circuit structure permanent magnet generator, the composite magnetic circuit structure was formed with axial magnetic circuit as the main magnetic circuit and radial as the auxiliary. The air gap magnetic density is increased, the permanent magnet material is reduced, and the motor cost is reduced. At the same time, the starting magnetoresistive torque is greatly reduced, and the starting performance of low wind speed is improved.
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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