非线性负荷接入对电网的影响分析及应对措施研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 19:51

【摘要】：随着工业技术和科技的发展,越来越多的半导体整流设备和逆变设备等具有非线性负荷特性的电力电子装置广泛地应用,且随着其他非线性负荷(又称为畸变负荷)如:工业炼钢炉、工业交直流电机、大功率整流器、UPS、电动汽车充电桩等不断接入电网,非线性负荷己经成为电力系统负荷的重要组成部分。据报道,目前超过30%的非线性负荷没有经过滤波直接接入电网,导致系统谐波水平越来越高,严重威胁系统安全稳定运行。大量冲击性非线性负荷导致母线电压波动及闪变仍然是棘手的问题。工业非线性负荷以整流设备、电弧炉、电力机车和轧机等设备为主,对电网造成了谐波污染,影响了电能质量以及运行稳定性。本文研究了三相桥式整流电路,以氯碱工业为例研究了氯碱工业负荷特点、负荷结构,建立了氯碱厂整流负荷模型,并进行了仿真分析;研究了电弧炉类非线性负荷工作原理及数学模型,并建立了电弧仿真模型,进行了仿真分析;研究了工业电机类非线性负荷特性,以直流电机负荷为例,理论分析了其产生谐波的原因,根据谐波经验数据进行了函数拟合,并进行了仿真分析。介绍了共用电网谐波管理规定,分析了非线性负荷对电力系统的影响,并研究了常用的应对措施。根据有源滤波器工作原理及数学模型,并根据园区拟购买装设的有源滤波器建立了有源滤波器仿真模型,并采用马鞍山含山县林头工业园配网数据进行了仿真实验,仿真结果表明,有源滤波器接入电网后能够有效降低谐波含量,对系统电能质量的提升有显著效果。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrial technology and technology, more and more power electronic devices with nonlinear load characteristics, such as semiconductor rectifier and inverter, are widely used. And with other nonlinear loads (also called distorted loads) such as industrial steelmaking furnaces, industrial AC / DC motors, high power rectifier UPSs, electric vehicle charging piles and so on, Nonlinear load has become an important part of power system load. It is reported that more than 30% of the nonlinear loads are not directly filtered into the power network, resulting in the higher and higher harmonic level of the system, which seriously threatens the safe and stable operation of the system. Bus voltage fluctuation and flicker caused by a large amount of impact nonlinear load are still thorny problems. The industrial nonlinear load is mainly composed of rectifier, electric arc furnace, electric locomotive and rolling mill, which causes harmonic pollution to the power network and affects the power quality and operation stability. In this paper, the three-phase bridge rectifier circuit is studied. Taking the chlor-alkali industry as an example, the characteristics and structure of the chlor-alkali industrial load are studied, the rectifying load model of the chlor-alkali plant is established, and the simulation analysis is carried out. The working principle and mathematical model of arc furnace nonlinear load are studied, the arc simulation model is established, and the simulation analysis is carried out, and the nonlinear load characteristics of industrial motor are studied, taking DC motor load as an example. The reason of harmonic generation is analyzed theoretically, the function fitting is carried out according to the harmonic empirical data, and the simulation analysis is carried out. This paper introduces the harmonic management rules of common power network, analyzes the influence of nonlinear load on power system, and studies the common countermeasures. According to the working principle and mathematical model of active power filter, the simulation model of active power filter is established according to the active power filter to be installed in the park, and the simulation experiment is carried out by using the distribution network data of Lintou Industrial Park, Hanshan County, Ma'anshan. The simulation results show that the active power filter can effectively reduce the harmonic content and improve the power quality of the power system.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM732

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