面向小容量电池组的电池管理系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-09-16 21:38

【摘要】：电能作为一种清洁能源,可以由水能、太阳能转换得到,减少环境污染的同时也避免了因传统化石能源短缺造成的能源危机。而电池作为一种独立的储能系统,正发挥着越发重要的作用。在电动汽车、无人飞行器和运动机器人等多个领域,动力型锂电池组往往作为其中的供能装置,为了提高电池组的使用效率和使用安全,就需要配套完善合理的电池管理系统(BMS)对电池组进行相关管理和控制,以保证电池组的正常工作。由于电动汽车产业的飞速发展,当前对于电池管理系统研究的重点往往集中大容量电池组方向的研究,但却不适用于低速电动车、助力车和机器人等领域。本文基于三元动力锂电池,设计了一种面向小容量电池组的电池管理系统(BMS)。从三元锂电池特性研究出发,进行特性研究与测试,在此基础上建立了一种补偿滞回电压特性和回弹特性的电池模型。再在模型基础上结合无迹卡尔曼滤波算法进行电池的剩余电量估算,达到了良好的估算效果。本文设计的电池管理系统主要包括剩余电量估算,均衡管理,电压电流检测,数据通讯,热管理,安全保护和信息显示等功能。总体采用基于菊花链的分布式结构,将总体功能分散到主控单元和检测单元两部分来实现。软件开发过程中加入了嵌入式操作系统FreeRTOS,提高了系统资源的使用率,增强了系统实时性。基于MFC设计的上位机界面可以显示系统基本参数,完成人机交互的功能。最后,在实验室环境下对这种面向小容量三元动力锂电池组的电池管理系统进行了总体性的实验验证。通过将测试电池组接入电池管理系统,对电压、电流和温度等重要参数进行采集比对,完成了系统采样精度的验证。同时对均衡管理功能和热管理功能进行了初步验证。最终实现了电池管理系统的主体功能,达到设计要求和目的。
[Abstract]:As a kind of clean energy, electric energy can be obtained by conversion of water energy and solar energy to reduce environmental pollution and avoid the energy crisis caused by the shortage of traditional fossil energy. As an independent energy storage system, battery is playing an increasingly important role. In many fields, such as electric vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles and motion robots, the power lithium battery pack is often used as the energy supply device, in order to improve the efficiency and safety of the battery pack, In order to ensure the normal operation of the battery pack, it is necessary to complete and perfect the reasonable cell management system (BMS) for the relevant management and control of the battery pack. Due to the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the current research focus on battery management system is usually focused on the research of the direction of large capacity battery pack, but it is not suitable for low-speed electric vehicles, rickshaws and robots. Based on the ternary power lithium battery, a battery management system (BMS).) for small capacity battery pack is designed in this paper. Based on the study of the characteristics of ternary lithium batteries, a battery model for compensating hysteresis voltage and springback characteristics is established. On the basis of the model, the unscented Kalman filter algorithm is used to estimate the battery residual quantity. The battery management system designed in this paper mainly includes the functions of residual power estimation, balance management, voltage and current detection, data communication, thermal management, security protection and information display. A distributed architecture based on chrysanthemum chain is adopted in this paper, and the whole function is distributed to two parts: the main control unit and the detection unit. In the process of software development, the embedded operating system FreeRTOS, is added to improve the utilization rate of system resources and enhance the real-time performance of the system. The upper computer interface designed based on MFC can display the basic parameters of the system and complete the function of man-machine interaction. Finally, the battery management system for small capacity ternary power lithium-ion battery pack is tested in laboratory environment. By connecting the test battery pack into the battery management system and collecting and comparing the important parameters such as voltage, current and temperature, the sampling accuracy of the system is verified. At the same time, the equilibrium management function and the thermal management function are preliminarily verified. Finally, the main function of the battery management system is realized, and the design requirements and purposes are achieved.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM912;TP311.52

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