家电产品环境影响分析关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-09-19 18:20

【摘要】：家电产品在我国拥有着庞大的市场,每年生产和报废的家电产品数以亿计,数量巨大的家电市场以及逐年增加的废弃家电产品所带来的能源问题和环境影响,给整个社会敲响了警钟。现阶段,家电产品的环境性能量化方法复杂,且随着产品复杂程度增加,产品拆卸面临成本和效率的双重问题。在家电产品的设计环节考虑其各种环境影响,可以降低生命周期各个环节中造成的不良影响,也令产品在国内外市场的竞争中立于不败之地。本文对家电产品环境影响分析的关键技术进行了研究,并基于Pro/E软件开发环境影响分析辅助系统,帮助设计人员分析产品的环境性能,提高设计效率。利用熵权层次分析法建立材料有毒有害性综合评价方法,可快速反映材料的环境影响,从健康危害性、环境危害性和理化特性三方面给出材料有毒有害性评价指标,评价结果客观、合理;对典型家电产品进行生命周期建模及完整清单分析,根据分析结果提出产品低碳认证指标,为产品低碳认证工作提供参考,建立了产品生命周期碳排放计算模型;对具有复杂结构的家电产品提出一种模块化拆卸建模方法,提高产品的并行拆卸性能,采用最小最大划分方法,从功能关联性、联接关联性和物理关联性三方面对产品进行模块划分,建立模块化拆卸模型,基于拆卸约束图进行选择性并行拆卸;利用Pro/E二次开发技术,开发环境影响分析辅助系统,建立材料信息数据库、产品信息数据库及电网因子数据库,实现对产品设计模型进行产品材料有毒有害性评价、拆卸序列规划及生命周期碳排放计算,以帮助设计者对产品环境性能进行分析。
[Abstract]:Household appliances have a huge market in our country. Hundreds of millions of household appliances are produced and discarded every year. The energy problems and environmental impacts caused by the huge number of household appliances market and the increasing number of discarded household appliances products are increasing year by year. It is a wake-up call for the whole society. At present, the quantitative methods of environmental performance of household appliances are complex, and with the increase of product complexity, product disassembly is faced with the dual problems of cost and efficiency. Considering all kinds of environmental effects in the design of household appliances, it can reduce the adverse effects in each link of the life cycle, and make the products in an invincible position in the competition of domestic and foreign markets. In this paper, the key technology of environmental impact analysis of household appliances is studied, and the assistant system of environmental impact analysis is developed based on Pro/E software to help designers analyze the environmental performance of the products and improve the design efficiency. Using entropy weight analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish a comprehensive evaluation method of toxic hazards of materials, it can quickly reflect the environmental impact of materials, and give the evaluation indexes of toxic hazards of materials from three aspects: health hazards, environmental hazards and physical and chemical properties. The evaluation results are objective and reasonable, the life cycle modeling and complete inventory analysis of typical household appliances are carried out, according to the analysis results, the low carbon certification index of products is put forward, which provides a reference for the low carbon certification of products. The carbon emission calculation model of product life cycle is established, and a modular disassembly modeling method is proposed for household appliances with complex structure to improve the parallel disassembly performance of the product. The product is divided into modules in connection relevance and physical relevance, modular disassembly model is established, selective parallel disassembly is carried out based on disassembly constraint graph, and environmental impact analysis assistant system is developed by using Pro/E secondary development technology. Material information database, product information database and power grid factor database are established to evaluate the toxicity of product material, disassemble sequence planning and calculate carbon emission in life cycle of product design model. To help designers to analyze the environmental performance of the product.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM925;TP311.52

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