基于ARM离网型风力发电机功率控制系统的研制

发布时间：2018-10-22 11:44

【摘要】：在风力发电系统中,最大的难题源于风能、负载都是随时间呈无规律变化,这种不确定性给功率控制带来困难,导致无法确定风力发电机的最大输出功率,整个系统运行效率不高。可见,功率控制是风力发电领域的主要研究方向,具有重要的社会意义和实用价值。为此,本文设计了新型的变步长扰动MPPT功率控制系统,能够随风能和负载的随机变化对最大输出功率进行跟踪。系统采用STM32F103控制器,通过调控PWM波形的占空比来改变Buck变换器的输出电压,间接改变负载特性,让风力机转速维持在最佳叶尖速比状态,能够最大程度吸收风能并输出该风速下的最大功率。本文首先简述了当前世界各国风力发电的基本状况以及相关技术的发展情况,概括了多种风力发电系统的种类、结构组成以及相关工作原理;其次,提出了风力发电机功率输出与风力机转速变化的关系曲线模型,改进了以往变步长扰动MPPT功率控制策略算法并给出了新算法的实现方式,再与其它功率控制策略进行对比,从而突出新算法的优点;然后,进行了软、硬件电路的设计与调试,硬件部分讲述了发电机、整流器、蓄电池和控制器等的选用类型以及参数的确定,并给出了具体元器件的型号,软件部分给出了主程序与各个子程序的流程图以及各种保护算法;最后,建立了基于MATLAB仿真软件的风力发电系统功率控制仿真模型,并针对仿真模型进行了两次实验。仿真实验结果表明,本设计可以提高风电系统运行的高效性与可靠性,具有重要的实际应用意义。
[Abstract]:In wind power system, the biggest problem is wind energy. The load changes irregularly with time. This uncertainty makes it difficult to control power and makes it impossible to determine the maximum output power of wind turbine. The operation efficiency of the whole system is not high. Therefore, power control is the main research direction in the field of wind power generation, which has important social significance and practical value. In this paper, a novel variable step perturbed MPPT power control system is designed, which can track the maximum output power with the random variation of wind energy and load. The system adopts STM32F103 controller to change the output voltage of the Buck converter by adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM waveform, and indirectly changes the load characteristics so that the speed of the wind turbine can be maintained in the state of the optimal tip speed ratio. Maximum absorption of wind energy and output of maximum power at that wind speed. In this paper, the basic situation of wind power generation in the world and the development of related technologies are briefly introduced, and the types, structure and related working principles of various wind power systems are summarized. This paper presents a curve model of the relationship between the power output of wind turbine and the change of wind turbine speed, improves the previous algorithm of variable step-size perturbed MPPT power control strategy, and gives the implementation of the new algorithm, and then compares it with other power control strategies. In order to highlight the advantages of the new algorithm, the software and hardware circuits are designed and debugged. The hardware part describes the selection types of generators, rectifiers, batteries and controllers, as well as the determination of parameters. In the software part, the flow chart of main program and each subroutine and various protection algorithms are given. Finally, the simulation model of wind power system power control based on MATLAB simulation software is established. Two experiments were carried out on the simulation model. The simulation results show that the design can improve the efficiency and reliability of wind power system operation, and has important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM315

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