无轴承异步电机及其无传感器控制研究

发布时间：2018-10-23 16:15

【摘要】：近年来,工业发展迅速,传统的普通电机已很难满足特种电气传动/驱动系统的性能要求。通过两套绕组相互作用改变气隙磁场分布,使转子同时实现悬浮和旋转的无轴承电机,改变了普通电机转子的支撑方式,从而避免了机械摩擦、磨损、轴承寿命短等缺点,目前已成为特种电气传动和磁悬浮领域重点研究方向之一。无轴承异步电机(Bearingless Induction Motor,BIM)具有机械强度高、噪声小、控制精度高以及齿槽脉动转矩低等优点,使其在医疗器械领域,无菌、无污染的食品加工领域,高速高精的航空航天领域等都有潜在的应用价值。本文在国家自然科学基金项目(51475214)和江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20141301)的资助下,在分析BIM运行机理和建立其数学模型的基础上,重点对基于低频信号注入法的BIM无速度传感器控制和基于改进电压模型法的BIM无位置传感器控制开展研究,具体研究内容如下:首先,对无轴承电机的国内外研究现状和应用领域进行了介绍,在此基础上探讨了BIM的发展方向。然后推导了BIM的数学模型,并构建了基于气隙磁场定向控制的BIM控制系统。其次,针对机械式传感器在BIM运行中的不足,提出了基于低频信号注入法的BIM转速辨识方法和基于改进电压模型法的BIM转子位移辨识方法。前者利用通入的低频电流信号来获取转子位置偏差角,然后由PI控制器对该角进行调节,可得到气隙磁场旋转速度,据此设计出转速估计器。后者利用低通滤波器替换传统电压模型中的纯积分环节,进而利用电感矩阵和转子径向位移之间的关系,设计出转子位移估计器,从而达到准确辨识转子位移的目的。以上述两种无传感器方法为基础,搭建BIM无传感器矢量控制系统并开展仿真研究。结果表明,两种方法不仅能够分别准确检测出转子转速和位移,并且都具有较好的动、静态性能。最后,对BIM矢量控制系统的硬件电路和软件程序进行设计。其中,硬件电路主要包括无速度传感器接口电路、无位置传感器接口电路和电源电路等,软件程序主要包括主程序和中断服务子程序等。然后以TMS320F2812 DSP芯片为核心搭建了BIM控制系统实验平台,并做了实验研究。结果表明,所提方法能够快速、准确的检测出转子转速和转子位移,达到了预期的效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of industry, it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of special electrical drive / drive system. Through the interaction of two sets of windings, the air gap magnetic field distribution is changed, so that the rotor can be suspended and rotated simultaneously, and the supporting mode of the ordinary motor rotor is changed, thus avoiding the shortcomings of mechanical friction, wear, short bearing life and so on. At present, it has become one of the key research directions in the field of special electrical transmission and magnetic levitation. The bearingless asynchronous motor (Bearingless Induction Motor,BIM) has the advantages of high mechanical strength, low noise, high control precision and low torque ripple torque, which makes it in the field of medical devices, sterile and pollution-free food processing. The high-speed and high-precision aeronautics and astronautics field all have the potential application value. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51475214) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20141301), this paper analyzes the operation mechanism of BIM and establishes its mathematical model. The research focuses on BIM sensorless control based on low frequency signal injection method and BIM sensorless control based on improved voltage model method. The specific research contents are as follows: first of all, The research status and application field of bearingless motor at home and abroad are introduced, and the development direction of BIM is discussed. Then the mathematical model of BIM is derived and the BIM control system based on air-gap field oriented control is constructed. Secondly, aiming at the shortage of mechanical sensor in BIM operation, the identification method of BIM speed based on low frequency signal injection method and the method of BIM rotor displacement identification based on improved voltage model method are proposed. In the former, the rotor position deviation angle is obtained by the input low frequency current signal, and then adjusted by the PI controller, the rotation speed of the air-gap magnetic field can be obtained, and the speed estimator is designed accordingly. The latter uses the low-pass filter to replace the pure integral link in the traditional voltage model and then designs a rotor displacement estimator using the relationship between the inductance matrix and the rotor radial displacement so as to accurately identify the rotor displacement. Based on the above two sensorless methods, the BIM sensorless vector control system is built and simulated. The results show that the two methods can not only accurately detect rotor speed and displacement, but also have better dynamic and static performance. Finally, the hardware circuit and software program of BIM vector control system are designed. The hardware circuit includes speed sensorless interface circuit, position sensorless interface circuit and power supply circuit, etc. The software program mainly includes main program and interrupt service subroutine. Then the experimental platform of BIM control system is built with TMS320F2812 DSP chip as the core, and the experimental research is done. The results show that the proposed method can detect rotor speed and displacement quickly and accurately, and achieve the desired results.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343

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