独立微电网多时间尺度能量优化研究

发布时间：2018-10-25 18:49

【摘要】：微电网是一种结合新能源的现代化智能电网。根据研究发现,通过微电网把可再生能源并到大电网中相比其直接并入,可以在很大程度缓解对供电稳定性造成的冲击,微电网作为传统大电网的强力支撑,避免了很多因为大电网受到影响或者发生故障而产生的断电现象。在实际的应用中,微电网一方面能够充分利用当地分散的自然资源,减少对环境的污染,并且减缓化石能源紧缺;此外,还可以保障大电网的电量供给,以达到需求者用电的多元化。基于以上这些优点,微电网的研究如火如荼。独立微电网是将各个分布式电源、储能装置与用电负荷相结合,通过有效的能源供给配置,形成一个独立可控的系统。独立微电网是偏远地区和海岛地区用户用电的重要依托,有效地提高了这些区域供电的可靠性。由于独立微电网可再生能源得不到合理的调度,“弃风、弃光”现象严重,当前着重要解决提高可再生能源利用率的问题。因此本课题在研究微电网正常工作的基础上,着重研究独立微电网的能量优化问题。本文首先分析了微电网技术的研究背景,以及世界各国对微电网的定义和科研成果。介绍微电网普遍构成结构和运行方式,并介绍此基本结构的基本特点。深入研究了微电网系统中普遍采用的三种控制技术,并且针对系统中的各个部分分析了其保护方式。阐述了微电网在能量管理中与大电网之间的不同,根据其能量管理系统的定义及研究现状,全面分析微电网研究的潜在价值。本文对于偏远地区,结合当地自然条件,搭建独立的风光柴蓄微电网系统为用户进行供电。对独立微电网内部的光伏阵列、风力发电机、铅酸蓄电池和柴油发电机进行研究,介绍其主要的工作原理,搭建分布式电源的输出功率数学模型以及分析其约束条件。为了保障独立微电网的稳定运行,本文提出一种具有动态特性的多时间尺度优化能量调度策略。最后,基于一个独立微电网优化算例,通过研究该独立微电网的结构特征,分析主流优化算法后确定本文使用粒子群优化算法,概述提出粒子群算法的思路,并且分析粒子群算法核心内涵以及优化原理。根据分布式电源的数学模型、能量优化策略、目标函数和约束条件,对算例进行二级优化分析,通过算法选定微电网系统的各个分布式电源的最优组合形式,总结并分析了本课题研究的微电网能量优化策略的可行性。
[Abstract]:Microgrid is a modern smart grid combined with new energy sources. According to the research, it is found that comparing the renewable energy to the large power grid directly with the microgrid, the impact on the power supply stability can be alleviated to a great extent, and the microgrid is used as the strong support of the traditional large power grid. A lot of power outages caused by the impact or failure of large power grids are avoided. In practical application, microgrid can make full use of local scattered natural resources, reduce environmental pollution, and alleviate the shortage of fossil energy. In addition, it can also protect the power supply of large power grid, in order to achieve the diversification of electricity demand. Based on these advantages, the research of microgrid is in full swing. Independent microgrid is an independent and controllable system which combines each distributed power source, energy storage device and electric load, and forms an independent and controllable system through the effective allocation of energy supply. Independent microgrid is an important support for users in remote areas and island areas, which effectively improves the reliability of power supply in these areas. Because the renewable energy of independent microgrid can not get reasonable dispatch, the phenomenon of "abandon the wind, abandon the light" is serious. At present, it is very important to solve the problem of improving the utilization ratio of renewable energy. Therefore, on the basis of studying the normal operation of microgrid, this paper focuses on the energy optimization of independent microgrid. This paper first analyzes the research background of microgrid technology and the definition and research results of microgrid in the world. This paper introduces the general structure and operation mode of microgrid, and introduces the basic characteristics of this basic structure. In this paper, three kinds of control techniques which are widely used in microgrid systems are studied, and their protection methods are analyzed for each part of the system. The differences between microgrid and large grid in energy management are expounded. According to the definition and research status of energy management system, the potential value of microgrid research is analyzed. In this paper, the remote area, combined with the local natural conditions, to build an independent solar energy storage micro-grid system for users to power. The photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, lead-acid batteries and diesel generators in the independent microgrid are studied. The main working principles are introduced, the output power mathematical model of distributed power generation is built and its constraint conditions are analyzed. In order to ensure the stable operation of the independent microgrid, a multi-time scale optimal energy scheduling strategy with dynamic characteristics is proposed in this paper. Finally, based on an independent microgrid optimization example, by studying the structural characteristics of the independent microgrid and analyzing the mainstream optimization algorithm, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used in this paper, and the idea of particle swarm optimization algorithm is summarized. The core connotation and optimization principle of PSO are analyzed. According to the mathematical model of distributed power generation, energy optimization strategy, objective function and constraint conditions, the two-level optimization analysis is carried out on the example, and the optimal combination form of each distributed generation in micro-grid system is selected by the algorithm. The feasibility of the microgrid energy optimization strategy studied in this paper is summarized and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM727

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