基于波束形成原理的声源定位系统校准方法和校准装置

发布时间：2018-01-14 16:09

本文关键词：基于波束形成原理的声源定位系统校准方法和校准装置　出处：《中国计量大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于波束形成原理的声源定位系统通过测量到达传声器阵列的声信号幅值和相位差,将声场和声源分布以声相云图的方式显示给用户,广泛的应用于对噪声指标有一定要求的领域,如制造业和各大科研单位等。目前声源定位的参数均由厂商提供,缺乏统一的校准规程来衡量声源定位系统的技术指标和精度,这使得对声源定位系统进行校准方法的研究成为需要重点解决的问题。首先,论文在研究波束形成原理和声源定位系统工作原理的基础上,对传声器阵列特性进行了研究,并结合国内外各大生产厂家的产品参数,选择横向空间分辨力、主旁瓣抑制比和定位误差等三个关键校准参数,分析纯音信号的相关性,确定了差频信号和动态范围的选取,设计了校准方法。利用Lab VIEW模拟了波束形成原理声源定位系统的工作,确保校准工作能够顺利进行。然后,设计定位系统标准装置,包括标准声源系统、信号发生采集分析系统以及传动控制系统。标准声源系统由突变截面管和渐变截面管组成,变截面管使其声源系统为近似点声源。突变截面管根据驻波管内声扩散原则设计,主要用于低频声信号;渐变截面管根据近似一维平面波进行计算,主要用于高频信号。信号发生采集分析系统采用丹麦BK公司的PULSE系统和传声器,数据处理系统通过编程调用、读取PULSE的实时分析结果来实现。传动系统由步进电机及相应的可编程控制器(PLC)、驱动器组成,通过工控机控制电机,实现标准声源的自动移动进而实现对横向空间分辨力的校准。最后,利用本文提出的校准方法和标准校准装置对GFAI和BK公司的基于波束形成原理的声源定位系统产品进行了校准和不确定度分析。实验数据和测量结果不确定度的分析表明,论文提出的校准方法的合理正确,能满足基于波束形成原理的声源定位系统的校准和溯源的要求。
[Abstract]:The sound source location system based on the principle of beamforming measures the amplitude and phase difference of the acoustic signal to the microphone array and displays the sound field and the distribution of the sound source to the user in the form of acoustic phase cloud image. It is widely used in some fields with certain requirements for noise index, such as manufacturing industry and major scientific research institutions, etc. At present, the sound source location parameters are provided by manufacturers. Lack of uniform calibration procedures to measure the technical indicators and accuracy of sound source positioning system, which makes the study of sound source positioning system calibration methods need to be solved. First of all. On the basis of studying the principle of beamforming and the working principle of sound source positioning system, the characteristics of microphone array are studied in this paper, and the horizontal spatial resolution is selected according to the product parameters of major manufacturers at home and abroad. The main sidelobe suppression ratio and positioning error are three key calibration parameters. The correlation of pure tone signal is analyzed and the choice of difference frequency signal and dynamic range is determined. The calibration method is designed. The work of the beamforming sound source positioning system is simulated by Lab VIEW to ensure that the calibration can be carried out smoothly. Then, the standard device of the positioning system is designed. The system includes standard sound source system, signal acquisition and analysis system and transmission control system. The standard sound source system is composed of abrupt cross-section tube and gradient cross-section tube. The variable cross section tube makes its sound source system approximate point sound source. The abrupt cross section tube is designed according to the principle of sound diffusion in standing wave tube and is mainly used for low frequency acoustic signal. The gradual section tube is calculated according to the approximate one dimensional plane wave, which is mainly used for high frequency signal. The signal generation and analysis system is based on the PULSE system and microphone of Danish BK Company. The data processing system is realized by calling the program and reading the real time analysis result of the PULSE. The transmission system is composed of the stepping motor and the corresponding programmable controller, the driver. The automatic movement of the standard sound source is realized through the control of the motor by the industrial control computer, and the lateral spatial resolution is calibrated. Finally. The calibration and uncertainty analysis of sound source positioning system based on beamforming principle of GFAI and BK Company are carried out by using the calibration method and standard calibration device proposed in this paper. The experimental data and measurement results are not accurate. The deterministic analysis shows that. The calibration method proposed in this paper is reasonable and correct and can meet the calibration and traceability requirements of the sound source location system based on the principle of beamforming.
【学位授予单位】：中国计量大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN641

【相似文献】